









                               [1mTREEDUPL[0m
                  Directory Tree Duplicator Utility
                           Reference Manual









                              June 1986

This  document  describes  the  TREEDUPL  Directory  Tree   Duplicator
Utility.  This utility is unlicensed and unsupported.







Revision/Update Information:       This is a new manual.

Operating System and Version:      MS-DOS* version 2.11 or later.

Software Version:                  TREEDUPL version 2.0.

Support:                           THIS SOFTWARE IS [1mNOT[0m  SUPPORTED  BY
                                   DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION.

Direct questions and comments to:  Brian Hetrick
                                   ZKO1-3/J10
                                   Digital Equipment Corporation
                                   110 Spit Brook Road
                                   Nashua NH 03062-2698
                                   USA







* MS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Digital Equipment Corporation                    Maynard Massachusetts
                                                             June 1986




The information in this document is subject to change  without  notice
and  should  not  be  construed  as  a commitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation.  Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no  responsibility
for any errors that may appear in this document.

The software described in this document is unlicensed and unsupported.
[1mDigital[0m [1mEquipment[0m [1mCorporation[0m [1massumes[0m [1mno[0m [1mresponsibility[0m [1mfor[0m [1mthe[0m [1muse[0m [1mor[0m
[1mreliability[0m [1mof[0m [1mthis[0m [1msoftware.[0m  This  software  is  provided  "as  is,"
without  any  warranty  of  any  kind,  express  or  implied.  Digital
Equipment Corporation will not be liable in any event for any  damages
including  any  loss  of  data, profit, or savings, claims against the
user by any other party, or  any  other  incidental  or  consequential
damages arising out of the use of, or inability to use, this software,
even if Digital Equipment Corporation is advised of the possibility of
such damage.





This documentation and the software it describes have been placed into
the public domain by Digital Equipment Corporation.





The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:

     DEC             MASSBUS         RSX             VAX
     DECmate         PDP             RT              VAXcluster
     DECnet          P/OS            ULTRIX          VMS
     DECUS           Professional    ULTRIX-32       VT
     DECwriter       Rainbow         ULTRIX-32M      Work Processor
     DIBOL           RSTS            UNIBUS
                            [4m [0m [4m [0m [4m [0m [4m [0m [4m [0m [4m [0m [4m [0m
                           | | | | | | | |
                           |d|i|g|i|t|a|l|
                           |[4m [0m|[4m [0m|[4m [0m|[4m [0m|[4m [0m|[4m [0m|[4m [0m|
                          [1mTable[0m [1mof[0m [1mContents[0m


                                                                  Page

Preface                                                              v
    Intended Audience                                                v
    Structure of This Document                                       v
    Associated Documents                                             v
    Conventions Used in This Document                               vi
    Acknowledgments                                                 vi

Summary                                                              1
    Format                                                           1
        Command Qualifiers                                           1
        Command Parameters                                           1

    Usage                                                            1
        Invoking                                                     1
        Exiting                                                      1
        Directing Output                                             2

Description                                                          3
    Invoking the Directory Tree Duplicator Utility                   4
    Restrictions                                                     4

Command Qualifiers                                                   6
    /ACCUMULATE Command Qualifier                                    6
        Format                                                       6
        Description                                                  6
        Example                                                      6

    /LOG Command Qualifier                                           8
        Format                                                       8
        Description                                                  8
        Example                                                      8

Examples                                                             9
    Backing Up a Hard Disk to a DECnet-DOS Virtual Disk              9
    Restoring a Hard Disk from a DECnet-DOS Virtual Disk            10
        Constructing the Bootable Diskette Containing DECnet-DOS    10
        Restoring the Hard Disk from a Virtual Disk Used as a
            Current Copy                                            12
        Restoring the Hard Disk from a Virtual Disk Used as an
            Accumulative Copy                                       13
    Duplicating a Diskette                                          14
    Deleting a Directory Tree                                       15

                                             Directory Tree Duplicator
                                                               Preface


                               [1mPreface[0m



[1mIntended[0m [1mAudience[0m

     This manual is intended for all MS-DOS and DECnet-DOS users.



[1mStructure[0m [1mof[0m [1mThis[0m [1mDocument[0m

     This document has four major sections:

      o  The Summary section is an  overview  of  the  Directory  Tree
         Duplicator  Utility  and  is  intended  as  a quick reference
         guide.  The Format  subsection  describes  the  command  that
         invokes  the  Directory  Tree Duplicator Utility, listing all
         command qualifiers  and  parameters.   The  Usage  subsection
         describes   how  to  invoke  the  Directory  Tree  Duplicator
         Utility, how to redirect output, and  any  restrictions  that
         you should be aware of.

      o  The Description section explains how  to  use  the  Directory
         Tree Duplicator Utility.

      o  The  Command  Qualifier  section   describes   each   command
         qualifier.  Command qualifiers appear in alphabetical order.

      o  The Examples section contains examples of  common  operations
         that you perform with the Directory Tree Duplicator Utility.



[1mAssociated[0m [1mDocuments[0m

     To use the Directory Tree Duplicator Utility, you should also  be
     familiar with the following manual:

      o  [4mMS-DOS[0m [4mUser's[0m [4mGuide[0m, or  [4mDisk[0m  [4mOperating[0m  [4mSystem[0m  manual,  as
         appropriate

     To use the Directory Tree Duplicator Utility in conjunction  with
     DECnet-DOS  virtual  disks,  you should also be familiar with the
     following manual

      o  [4mDECnet-DOS[0m [4mUser's[0m [4mGuide[0m






                                  v
Directory Tree Duplicator
Preface


[1mConventions[0m [1mUsed[0m [1min[0m [1mThis[0m [1mDocument[0m

     Convention           Meaning

     E>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mE:\[0m [1mG:\[0m   Command examples show all  output  lines  or
                          prompting  characters that the system prints
                          or   displays   in   normal    type.     All
                          user-entered  commands  are  shown  in  [1mbold[0m
                          type.


     /[NO]LOG             Square brackets indicate that  the  enclosed
                          item is optional.

     <CTRL/x>             The symbol <CTRL/x> indicates that you  must
                          press   the   key  labeled  CTRL  while  you
                          simultaneously  press   another   key,   for
                          example, <CTRL/C>.



[1mAcknowledgments[0m

     The TREEDUPL Directory Tree Duplicator Utility  uses  the  public
     domain  command  line  parsing  package written by Bela Lubkin of
     Borland International Inc.



























                                  vi
                                             Directory Tree Duplicator
                                                               Summary


                               [1mSummary[0m


     The  TREEDUPL  program  copies  or  duplicates  all   files   and
     directories in an entire directory tree.



[1mFormat[0m

     TREEDUPL [4msourceroot[0m [4mtargetroot[0m [[4mqualifier[0m]

     [1mCommand[0m [1mQualifiers[0m            [1mDefaults[0m

     /[NO]ACCUMULATE               /ACCUMULATE
     /[NO]LOG                      /LOG


     [1mCommand[0m [1mParameters[0m

     [4msourceroot[0m

          Specifies the name for the root of the directory tree to  be
          copied or duplicated.

     [4mtargetroot[0m

          Specifies the name for the root of the directory  tree  into
          which  the  tree  specified by [4msourceroot[0m is to be copied or
          duplicated.



[1mUsage[0m

     [1mInvoking[0m

          You invoke the Directory Tree Duplicator  Utility  with  the
          TREEDUPL command.

     [1mExiting[0m

          You exit the Directory Tree Duplicator Utility  normally  by
          waiting  until  processing  is complete.  The Directory Tree
          Duplicator  Utility  will  return  control  to  the  command
          interpreter when processing is complete.

          You  can  exit  the  Directory   Tree   Duplicator   Utility
          abnormally   by  typing  <CTRL/C>,  if  the  /NOLOG  command
          qualifier  has  not  been  given  or  if  the  MS-DOS  BREAK
          parameter is ON.


                                  1
Directory Tree Duplicator
Summary


     [1mDirecting[0m [1mOutput[0m

          By default, messages  from  the  Directory  Tree  Duplicator
          Utility  are  directed to the console device.  Such messages
          may be directed to another device or a  file  with  the  I/O
          redirection facilities of the command interpreter.















































                                  2
                                             Directory Tree Duplicator
                                                           Description


                             [1mDescription[0m

     The Directory Tree Duplicator Utility is a command-line  oriented
     program  used  to  copy  all  directories  and files in an entire
     directory tree to another directory, or to  force  one  directory
     tree to duplicate another.

     Through the use of the Directory Tree Duplicator Utility, you can
     maintain a backup copy of your personal computer's hard disk in a
     DECnet-DOS virtual disk maintained an another node  of  a  DECnet
     network,  or  duplicate  the  complete  contents of a diskette on
     another diskette, or delete an entire directory tree, or move  an
     entire directory tree from one directory to another.



[1mInvoking[0m [1mthe[0m [1mDirectory[0m [1mTree[0m [1mDuplicator[0m [1mUtility[0m

     The  Directory  Tree  Duplicator  Utility  is  invoked  with  the
     TREEDUPL  command,  followed by the name of the root directory of
     the source directory tree (the directory tree  to  be  copied  or
     duplicated),  followed  by  the name of the root directory of the
     target directory tree (the directory tree to  be  produced).   No
     wild  card  characters  are  allowed  in  either  name.   Command
     qualifiers may follow any of these  components  of  the  command.
     For  example,  the  following  command copies all directories and
     files on the volume in drive A to the volume in drive B:

          E>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mA:\[0m [1mB:\[0m

     If a drive letter is specified, the directory is  interpreted  as
     residing  on  the  volume in the specified drive.  Otherwise, the
     directory is interpreted as residing on the volume in the current
     drive.   If  the directory name starts with a back slash (\), the
     directory name is interpreted as relative to the  root  directory
     of  the  volume.  Otherwise, the directory name is interpreted as
     relative to the current directory on the volume.

     If the current directory on the volume in drive  E  is  the  root
     directory,  and the current directory on the volume in drive G is
     \E[4m [0mSAVE, then the command:

          E>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mE:[0m [1mG:[0m

     will copy all directories and files on the entire volume in drive
     E  into  a  directory tree rooted at the directory \E[4m [0mSAVE of the
     volume in drive G.

     Except in the root directory of a volume, a single period (.)  in
     the  place  of  the  first  directory  name refers to the current
     directory, and two periods (..)  refers  to  the  parent  of  the
     current  directory.   In  the  root  directory of a volume, these

                                  3
Directory Tree Duplicator
Description


     cannot be used.  A single back slash always refers  to  the  root
     directory of a volume.

     The Directory Tree Duplicator Utility copies all directories  and
     files  from  the  source  directory  tree to the target directory
     tree.   However,  the  Directory  Tree  Duplicator  Utility  will
     attempt  not  to  copy  files which are apparently already at the
     appropriate  position  in  the  target   directory   tree.    For
     non-directory  files,  the Directory Tree Duplicator Utility will
     not copy a file in the source directory tree (the "source  file")
     if:

      o  There is a  file  of  the  same  name  in  the  corresponding
         position in the target directory tree (the "target file");

      o  The sizes of the source file and the target file are equal;

      o  The modification dates and times of the source file  and  the
         target file are equal.

     If there is a target file that appears to  be  the  same  as  the
     source file based on these characteristics, then its contents are
     not modified, but its file attributes (read-only, system, hidden,
     and archive) are set to be the same as those of the source file.

     If there is a target file that appears to be different  from  the
     source  file based on these characteristics, then the target file
     is deleted and the source file is copied to its place.  The  file
     size,  file  attributes (read only, hidden, system, and archive),
     and file modification date and  time  of  the  copy  are  set  to
     duplicate those of the source file.

     For a directory in the source directory tree, the Directory  Tree
     Duplicator  Utility  will create a corresponding directory in the
     target directory  tree  unless  one  already  exists.   The  file
     attributes  of  the  new  or existing directory are set to be the
     same as those of the directory in the source directory tree.

     The Directory Tree Duplicator Utility can also delete  all  files
     in the target directory tree that are not in the source directory
     tree.  The /ACCUMULATE command qualifier controls this behavior.

     By default, the Directory Tree Duplicator Utility issues messages
     describing  its  actions.  These messages can be suppressed.  The
     /LOG command qualifier controls this behavior.



[1mRestrictions[0m

     The Directory Tree Duplicator Utility cannot be used  to  copy  a
     source  directory tree into a target directory tree whose root is

                                  4
                                             Directory Tree Duplicator
                                                           Description


     in the source directory tree itself.  For example, the command:

          E>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mE:\SUBDIR1[0m [1mE:\SUBDIR1\SUBDIR2[0m

     would fail as the \SUBDIR1\SUBDIR2 directory is in the  directory
     tree having \SUBDIR1 as its root.















































                                  5
Directory Tree Duplicator
Command Qualifiers


                    [1m/ACCUMULATE[0m [1mCommand[0m [1mQualifier[0m



[1mFormat[0m

     /ACCUMULATE
     /NOACCUMULATE



[1mDescription[0m

     By default, the Directory Tree  Duplicator  Utility  retains  all
     files  and directories in the target directory, unless there is a
     corresponding file in the source directory tree that is different
     from the file or directory in the target directory.  However, the
     Directory  Tree  Duplicator  Utility  can  "prune"   the   target
     directory tree, that is, delete files and directories that do not
     appear in the source directory  tree.   The  /ACCUMULATE  command
     qualifier  controls this behavior.  If you specify /NOACCUMULATE,
     files and directories in the target directory that do not  appear
     in  the  source directory are deleted.  If you omit the qualifier
     or specify /ACCUMULATE, files in the target directory that do not
     appear in the source directory are retained.

     If you specify /NOACCUMULATE, even files and directories  in  the
     target directory tree with the read-only attribute are deleted if
     they do not exist in the source directory tree.



[1mExample[0m

     E>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mA:\[0m [1mB:\[0m [1m/NOACCUMULATE[0m
     TREEDUPL version 2.0

     Copied A:\AUTOEXEC.BAT to B:\AUTOEXEC.BAT
     Copied A:\COMMAND.COM to B:\COMMAND.COM
     Copied A:\CONFIG.SYS to B:\CONFIG.SYS
     Copied A:\IO.SYS to B:\IO.SYS
     Copied A:\MSDOS.SYS to B:\MSDOS.SYS
     Deleted B:\TREEDUPL\CLA.PAS
     Deleted B:\TREEDUPL\TREEDUPL.COM
     Deleted B:\TREEDUPL\TREEDUPL.PAS
     Deleted B:\TREEDUPL

     E>

     With this command, the directory tree of the  volume  mounted  in
     drive  A  is exactly replicated on the volume mounted in drive B.
     Files on the volume in drive A that are  not  on  the  volume  in

                                  6
                                             Directory Tree Duplicator
                                                    Command Qualifiers


     drive  B  are  copied  onto  the  volume in drive B; files on the
     volume in drive B that are not on  the  volume  in  drive  A  are
     deleted.   In  the example, the \TREEDUPL directory of the volume
     in drive B did not appear on the volume in drive A,  and  so  the
     directory's contents and then the directory itself were deleted.
















































                                  7
Directory Tree Duplicator
Command Qualifiers


                        [1m/LOG[0m [1mCommand[0m [1mQualifier[0m



[1mFormat[0m

     /LOG
     /NOLOG



[1mDescription[0m

     By  default,  the  Directory  Tree  Duplicator  Utility  produces
     messages  describing its actions.  These messages are produced on
     the standard output, which is normally directed to  the  console.
     The  /LOG  command  qualifier  controls  the  production of these
     messages.  If you specify /NOLOG, no messages are  produced.   If
     you  omit  the  qualifier  or specify /LOG, messages are produced
     whenever a file is copied or deleted, a directory is  created  or
     deleted, and whenever a file's attributes are modified.



[1mExample[0m

     E>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mA:\[0m [1mB:\[0m [1m/NOLOG[0m
     TREEDUPL version 2.0

     E>

     With this command, messages describing the actions taken  by  the
     Directory Tree Duplicator Utility to copy the files on the volume
     in drive A to the volume in drive B are not issued.



















                                  8
                                             Directory Tree Duplicator
                                                              Examples


                               [1mExamples[0m



[1mBacking[0m [1mUp[0m [1ma[0m [1mHard[0m [1mDisk[0m [1mto[0m [1ma[0m [1mDECnet-DOS[0m [1mVirtual[0m [1mDisk[0m

     You can make a backup copy of the data on your hard disk using  a
     DECnet-DOS  virtual  disk  as  the backup medium.  The DECnet-DOS
     virtual disk will then be backed  up  to  archival  storage  (for
     example,  magnetic tape) under the standard backup procedures for
     the remote node on which the virtual disk resides.  This form  of
     backup  can  be  unattended,  as  it  is  not necessary to change
     volumes in a small capacity diskette drive.

     You should first decide whether you want to keep a  [4mcurrent[0m  copy
     of  the data on your disk, or an [4maccumulative[0m copy of the data on
     your disk.  A current copy will have only the data on  your  disk
     as  of  the  most recent backup; an accumulative copy will retain
     old files that you  have  deleted  on  your  disk.   However,  an
     accumulative  copy  will  not  retain  old versions of files that
     still exist; only the most recent version of  any  file  will  is
     retained.   An  accumulative  copy  will require a larger virtual
     disk than will a current copy.  Also,  an  accumulative  copy  is
     more difficult to restore from than is a current copy.

     Similarly, if you have several  hard  disks,  you  should  decide
     whether  to  back  these  up  into  a single virtual disk or into
     several virtual disks.  Backing up  several  hard  disks  into  a
     single  virtual disk will require a larger virtual disk than will
     backing up each hard disk into separate virtual disks.

     Before backing up your hard disk's data for the first  time,  you
     must  create  the DECnet-DOS virtual disk.  You do this using the
     DECnet-DOS NDU ([4mN[0metwork  [4mD[0mevice  [4mU[0mtility)  CREATE  command.   For
     example, the command:

          E>[1mNDU[0m [1mCREATE[0m [1mDRIVE[0m [1mG[0m [1mNODE[0m [1mEVER11[0m [1mNDISK[0m [1mHDBACKUP.DSK[0m [1mMAX[0m [1m32[0m

     creates a 32 megabyte virtual disk in the  default  directory  of
     the  account  specified  by the default access control string for
     node EVER11, and makes that disk available through  MS-DOS  drive
     letter G.

     After using the NDU CREATE command, to create a new virtual disk,
     or  the  NDU  OPEN command, to access an already existing virtual
     disk, you can  backup  your  hard  disk  contents  by  using  the
     Directory Tree Duplication Utility to copy the hard disk contents
     to the virtual disk.  For example, the commands:





                                  9
Directory Tree Duplicator
Examples


          E>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mE:\[0m [1mG:\E[0;4m [0;1mBACKUP[0m [1m/NOLOG[0m
          TREEDUPL version 2.0

          E>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mF:\[0m [1mG:\F[0;4m [0;1mBACKUP[0m [1m/NOLOG[0m
          TREEDUPL version 2.0

     copy all files and directories on the hard disk in drive  E  into
     the  directory  \E[4m [0mBACKUP  on the virtual disk currently accessed
     through drive letter G, and copies all files and  directories  on
     the  hard  disk  in  drive  F into the directory \F[4m [0mBACKUP on the
     virtual disk currently accessed through drive letter G.   Because
     the   /NOACCUMULATE   command   qualifier   is   not   specified,
     accumulative copies of the data on the hard disks in drives E and
     F are made.  Similarly, the commands:

          E>[1mTREEDUPL/NOACCUMULATE[0m [1mE:\[0m [1mG:\E[0;4m [0;1mBACKUP[0m [1m/NOLOG[0m
          TREEDUPL version 2.0

          E>[1mTREEDUPL/NOACCUMULATE[0m [1mF:\[0m [1mG:\F[0;4m [0;1mBACKUP[0m [1m/NOLOG[0m
          TREEDUPL version 2.0

     construct current copies of the data on the hard disks in  drives
     E and F.



[1mRestoring[0m [1ma[0m [1mHard[0m [1mDisk[0m [1mfrom[0m [1ma[0m [1mDECnet-DOS[0m [1mVirtual[0m [1mDisk[0m

     You can restore the contents of a  corrupted  hard  disk  from  a
     DECnet-DOS virtual disk which has been used as an accumulative or
     a current copy of the files and directories on your disk.  As the
     hard  disk  may  be unusable as a system device should this prove
     necessary,  you  will  need  to  have  on  a  diskette  a  system
     sufficient  to  restore  the files and directories on the virtual
     disk to the hard disk.  You can  then  use  this  diskette  based
     system  to restore the contents of the hard disk from the virtual
     disk copy.

     [1mConstructing[0m [1mthe[0m [1mBootable[0m [1mDiskette[0m [1mContaining[0m [1mDECnet-DOS[0m

          You must first construct a  bootable  diskette  system  that
          permits  you  to  access  DECnet-DOS  virtual disks.  First,
          format a system diskette; for example, the command:

               E>[1mFORMAT[0m [1mA:/S[0m

          will construct  a  bootable  diskette  containing  only  the
          MS-DOS system on the diskette in drive A.  Then, ensure that
          the necessary DECnet-DOS files are on the diskette.  You may
          either  install  DECnet-DOS  onto  the diskette, or copy the
          DECnet-DOS files from your hard disk onto the diskette.   In
          either   case,   the   only   purpose   of  this  DECnet-DOS

                                  10
                                             Directory Tree Duplicator
                                                              Examples


          installation is to access a virtual disk on a single  remote
          node,  so  most  DECnet-DOS  utilities need not be included.
          For example, a bootable system diskette for a  Rainbow  100A
          system  to be used with a serial communications line that is
          dynamically switched to DDCMP  protocol  might  contain  the
          visible files:

               COMMAND.COM   The MS-DOS command interpreter
               NDDRV.SYS     Network disk driver
               FIX100A.COM   Rainbow 100A interrupt structure fixup
               SCH.EXE       DECnet-DOS scheduler
               DNP.EXE       DECnet-DOS DECnet process
               NCP.EXE       Network Control Program
               NCP.TXT       Initialization commands for NCP
               NDU.EXE       Network Device Utility
               CONFIG.SYS    MS-DOS boot configuration commands
               AUTOEXEC.BAT  Startup commands
               KERMIT.EXE    Terminal emulation program
               DECNET        Empty subdirectory
               TREEDUPL.COM  The Directory Tree Duplicator Utility

          The contents of CONFIG.SYS might be:

               DEVICE=NDDRV.SYS
               FILES=20
               BUFFERS=32

          while the contents of AUTOEXEC.BAT might be:

               PATH A:\
               FIX100A
               SCH
               DNP A:\DECNET\

          Complete  installation  of  DECnet-DOS   by   booting   this
          diskette,  invoking  NCP  to accept the commands in NCP.TXT,
          and defining the transmit and receive passwords, if any, and
          defining  the adjacent node and the remote node on which the
          virtual disk resides.

          You should test  this  diskette  by  rebooting  from  it  to
          install the now initialized DECnet network, and bring up the
          DECnet line in the normal fashion.  Then use  the  NDU  OPEN
          command  to attempt to access the virtual disk you are using
          as a backup of your hard disk.   When  you  can  access  the
          files  on  the  virtual  disk  using  only the system on the
          diskette, you have created the bootable diskette  containing
          DECnet-DOS  that can be used to restore the hard disk should
          it become corrupt.




                                  11
Directory Tree Duplicator
Examples


     [1mRestoring[0m [1mthe[0m [1mHard[0m [1mDisk[0m [1mfrom[0m [1ma[0m [1mVirtual[0m [1mDisk[0m  [1mUsed[0m  [1mas[0m  [1ma[0m  [1mCurrent[0m
     [1mCopy[0m

          To restore the contents of the  hard  disk  from  a  virtual
          disk, you must first ensure that the hard disk is in a state
          acceptable to MS-DOS.  This may require that you format  the
          disk,  and,  if the hard disk is to be bootable, install the
          MS-DOS system.

          When the hard disk has been  prepared,  you  must  boot  the
          diskette  containing DECnet-DOS, bring up the DECnet line in
          the  normal  fashion,  and  use  the  NDU  utility  to  make
          accessible  the  virtual disk containing the current copy of
          the hard disk's contents.

          If files or directories have been stored onto the hard  disk
          which  are  not  to  be  destroyed  (for example, the MS-DOS
          operating system), you must now use the standard MS-DOS COPY
          and   MKDIR  commands,  or  the  Directory  Tree  Duplicator
          Utility, to ensure that  these  files  and  directories  are
          reflected in the virtual disk.  For example, the command:

               A>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mE:\[0m [1mI:\[0m [1m/NOLOG[0m
               TREEDUPL version 2.0

          would ensure that restoring the files and directories on the
          virtual  disk  accessible through drive letter I to the hard
          disk  in  drive  E  would  not  overwrite  the   files   and
          directories currently on the hard disk in drive E.

          Now, you can copy the files and directories on  the  virtual
          disk  to  the  hard disk using the Directory Tree Duplicator
          Utility.  For example, the command:

               A>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mI:\[0m [1mE:\[0m [1m/NOLOG[0m
               TREEDUPL version 2.0

          would copy all files on the virtual disk accessible  through
          drive letter I to the hard disk in drive E.

          At this point, the files and directories have been restored.
          You  can  now  boot  the  computer in your usual fashion and
          proceed with the newly restored hard disk.

     [1mRestoring[0m  [1mthe[0m  [1mHard[0m  [1mDisk[0m  [1mfrom[0m  [1ma[0m  [1mVirtual[0m  [1mDisk[0m  [1mUsed[0m  [1mas[0m   [1man[0m
     [1mAccumulative[0m [1mCopy[0m

          To restore the contents of the  hard  disk  from  a  virtual
          disk, you must first ensure that the hard disk is in a state
          acceptable to MS-DOS.  This may require that you format  the
          disk,  and,  if the hard disk is to be bootable, install the
          MS-DOS system.

                                  12
                                             Directory Tree Duplicator
                                                              Examples


          When the hard disk has been  prepared,  you  must  boot  the
          bootable diskette containing DECnet-DOS, bring up the DECnet
          line in the normal fashion, and use the NDU utility to  make
          accessible the virtual disk containing the accumulative copy
          of the hard disk's contents.

          If files or directories have been stored onto the hard  disk
          which  are  not  to  be  destroyed  (for example, the MS-DOS
          operating system), you must now use the standard MS-DOS COPY
          and   MKDIR  commands,  or  the  Directory  Tree  Duplicator
          Utility, to ensure that  these  files  and  directories  are
          reflected in the virtual disk.  For example, the command:

               A>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mE:\[0m [1mI:\[0m [1m/NOLOG[0m
               TREEDUPL version 2.0

          would ensure that restoring the files and directories on the
          virtual  disk  accessible through drive letter I to the hard
          disk  in  drive  E  would  not  overwrite  the   files   and
          directories currently on the hard disk in drive E.

          If the files and directories on the virtual  disk  will  fit
          onto the hard disk, the simplest procedure is to restore the
          entire contents of the virtual disk to  the  hard  disk  and
          then  to  individually delete files and directory trees that
          are not needed.  For example, the command:

               A>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mI:\[0m [1mE:\[0m [1m/NOLOG[0m
               TREEDUPL version 2.0

          would copy all files on the virtual disk accessible  through
          drive  letter  I  to the hard disk in drive E.  The unwanted
          files  and  directories  could  then  be  deleted  with  the
          standard  MS-DOS DEL and RMDIR commands, and entire unwanted
          directory trees could then be  deleted  with  the  Directory
          Tree Duplicator Utility.

          If the files and directories on the virtual  disk  will  not
          fit   onto  the  hard  disk,  then  copying  all  files  and
          directories on the virtual disk to  the  hard  disk  is  not
          possible.   You must manually direct a process in which only
          some of the files and directories on the  virtual  disk  are
          copied onto the hard disk.

          The first method of copying only some files and  directories
          on the virtual disk onto the hard disk is to copy individual
          files and directory trees from the virtual disk to the  hard
          disk  using the standard MS-DOS MKDIR and COPY commands, and
          the Directory Tree Duplicator Utility.

          The second method of copying only some files and directories
          on  the  virtual  disk  onto  the  hard  disk  is  to delete

                                  13
Directory Tree Duplicator
Examples


          individual files and directory trees from the virtual  disk,
          using  the  standard  MS-DOS DEL and RMDIR commands, and the
          Directory  Tree  Duplicator  Utility,  and  then  copy   all
          remaining  files  and directories on the virtual disk to the
          hard disk.  Since this process destroys some of the contents
          of  the virtual disk, you may want to use the DECnet network
          remote node's  file  copy  command  to  create  a  temporary
          duplicate  of the virtual disk.  This temporary duplicate of
          the virtual disk can be used as the virtual disk from  which
          the  restoration  is  to  take  place:  individual files and
          directory trees may be deleted  freely  from  the  temporary
          duplicate,  without  affecting  the contents of the original
          virtual disk.

          When  all  files  and  directories  of  interest  have  been
          restored,  you  can  boot the computer in your usual fashion
          and proceed with the newly restored hard disk.



[1mDuplicating[0m [1ma[0m [1mDiskette[0m

     You can duplicate the contents of a diskette using the  Directory
     Tree Duplicator Utility.

     First, place the diskette to  be  duplicated  into  one  diskette
     drive.   Then,  place the diskette onto which the duplicate is to
     be made into a second diskette drive.  It is advisable to  format
     the  second diskette, but this step is often not necessary.  Then
     use the TREEDUPL command with the /NOACCUMULATE command qualifier
     to  duplicate  the contents of the first diskette onto the second
     diskette.

     For example, if the diskette to be  duplicated  has  been  placed
     into  drive  A,  and  the  diskette  to receive the copy has been
     placed into drive B, then the command:

          E>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mA:\[0m [1mB:\[0m [1m/NOACCUMULATE[0m [1m/NOLOG[0m

     will duplicate the contents of the diskette in drive A  onto  the
     diskette in drive B.

     It is possible to duplicate the contents of a  diskette  even  if
     you have only one diskette drive, as long as you have a hard disk
     or DECnet-DOS  virtual  disk  with  enough  free  space.   First,
     duplicate the diskette into a newly created directory on the hard
     disk or DECnet-DOS virtual disk; then duplicate the directory  on
     the hard disk or DECnet-DOS virtual disk.

     For example, the commands:

          E>[1mMKDIR[0m [1mE:\DISKCOPY[0m

                                  14
                                             Directory Tree Duplicator
                                                              Examples


          E>[1mTREEDUPL[0m [1mA:\[0m [1mE:\DISKCOPY/NOLOG[0m
          TREEDUPL version 2.0

     create a directory on the disk in drive  E,  and  then  copy  the
     contents  of  the  diskette  in drive A into that directory.  The
     subsequent command:

          E>[1mTREEDUPL/NOACCUMULATE/NOLOG[0m [1mE:\DISKCOPY[0m [1mA:\[0m
          TREEDUPL version 2.0

     will copy the directories and files onto the diskette in drive A.



[1mDeleting[0m [1ma[0m [1mDirectory[0m [1mTree[0m

     You can delete an entire directory  tree,  even  if  it  contains
     read-only,  hidden,  or  system  files,  using the Directory Tree
     Duplicator Utility.

     You first create an empty directory, then copy it to the root  of
     the  directory tree to be deleted using the /NOACCUMULATE command
     qualifier, then remove both the empty directory you  created  and
     the  now-empty  directory.   For example, to remove the directory
     tree rooted at \WORK\QRTR1, you could issue the commands:

          E>[1mMKDIR[0m [1m\EMPTY[0m

          E>[1mTREEDUPL/NOLOG/NOACCUMULATE[0m [1m\EMPTY[0m [1m\WORK\QRTR1[0m
          TREEDUPL version 2.0

          E>[1mRMDIR[0m [1m\EMPTY[0m

          E>[1mRMDIR[0m [1m\WORK\QRTR1[0m

     You must use the /NOACCUMULATE command qualifier, to  delete  the
     directories   and   files   in   the  directory  tree  rooted  at
     \WORK\QRTR1; you may optionally use the /NOLOG command  qualifier
     to suppress the printing of messages naming the files as they are
     deleted.













                                  15
