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     Corporation; IBM PC, AT and XT are registered trademarks of the 
     International Business Machines Corporation; MS DOS, OS2 and PC DOS 
     are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
     
                                   WD1002A-27X
     
                       SIMPLIFIED FORMATTING INSTRUCTIONS
     
     The format instructions that you follow are simple procedures to tell 
     the computer that you have either one or two Winchester disk drives 
     installed.  Formatting is done in three steps:
     
          1.  Low level format...Using DEBUG utility;
          2.  FDISK (partitioning)...using FDISK utility;
          3.  High level format...using Format utility
          
          *These utilities are normally supplied for DOS.  Refer
          to your DOS manual for indepth instructions on these
          utilities.
          
                                       CAUTION
                       THE FOLLOWING LOW-LEVEL FORMAT PROCEDURE
                       WILL DESTROY ALL DATA ON YOUR HARD DRIVE
                        BACK-UP THE DATA ON YOUR DRIVE BEFORE
                      CONTINUING WITH LOW LEVEL FORMAT ROUTINE.
          
     DEBUG Utility (For Drives with four heads and fewer than 663 
     cylinders)
     
     1.  At the A>prompt, load and run the DOS DEBUG Utility by typing 
     DEBUG followed by a RETURN.  "CR" denotes a carriage return or ENTER.
     
     2.  FOR IBM SYSTEMS ONLY:  At the DEBUG prompt, which is a hyphen (-)
     verify that the system BIOS is 10-27-82 or later by typing in the 
     following command line:
     
                     -d f000:fff5 fffc
     
     3.   At the debug prompt, start the low level format program by 
     typing the following command line:
     
                     -g = c800:5 CR (for primary controller)
                     -g = ca00:5 CR (for secondary controller)
     
     4.   The Super BIOS format program displays the following message:
     
          Super BIOS Formatter Rev. 2.4 Copyright Western Digital
                                   Corp. 1987
                               Current Drive is C:
                     Select new Drive or RETURN for current
     
     Enter your choice of drives at this point.  The program continues:
     










     
                             Current Interleave is 4
                  Select new Interleave or RETURN for current.
     
     Enter your choice of interleave at this point.  The recommended 
     interleave is 4.
     
             Are you dynamically configuring the drive - answer Y/N
     
     Answer: No
     
              Are you virtually configuring the drive? - answer Y/N
     
     Answer: No
     
                    PROGRAM DISPLAYS INITIATE FORMAT MESSAGE
     
               Press "Y" to begin formatting drive (C or D) with 
                  interleave of 03 (or value you entered above)
     
     If any key other than "Y" is typed, the program displays the 
     following message and returns the operator to DOS:
     
                     Nothing done exit -
                      returning to system ...
                      A>
     
     If an error occurs while formatting, the program immediately 
     terminates, displays the following error message, and returns the 
     operator to DOS.  Refer to Table 5 (Error Codes).
     
                     Error---completion code XX
     
     If "Y" is typed, the Super BIOS program initiates the low level 
     format.  The following message indicates the Super BIOS is formatting 
     the drive:
                     Formatting. . .
     
     
     The Super BIOS displays the following message if there are no 
     resulting errors:
     
                     Do you want to format bad tracks?  Answer Y/N
     
     Answer:  No
     
     If no errors occurred, the Super BIOS ends execution of the low level 
     format with the following message:
     
                     Format Successful
                     System will now restart
                     Insert DOS diskette in drive A:
                     Press any key when ready.
     












     
     5.   If you have a second hard drive.  Repeat step 4.
     
     6.   Load and execute the DOS FDISK utility for both drives (follow 
     instructions in DOS manual).
     
     7.   Load and execute the DOS FORMAT utility for both drives (follow 
     instructions in DOS manual).
     
     
     DYNAMIC LOW LEVEL FORMATTING INSTRUCTIONS
     
                                     CAUTION
                    THE FOLLOWING LOW LEVEL FORMAT PROCEDURE
                    WILL DESTROY ALL DATA ON YOUR HARD DRIVE
                      BACK-UP THE DATA ON YOUR DRIVE BEFORE
                    CONTINUING WITH LOW LEVEL FORMAT ROUTINE.
     
     The format instructions that you follow are simple procedures to tell 
     the computer that you have either one or two Winchester disk drives 
     installed.  Formatting is done in three steps:
     
          1.  Low level format...Using DEBUG utility;
          2.  FDISK (partitioning)...using FDISK utility;
          3.  High level format...using Format utility
          
          *These utilities are normally supplied for DOS.  Refer
          to your DOS manual for indepth instructions on these
          utilities.
          
          
     DEBUG Utility (For drives with more than 663 cylinders)
     
     1.  At the A>prompt, load and run the DOS DEBUG Utility by typing 
     DEBUG followed by a RETURN.  "CR" denotes a carriage return or ENTER.
     
     2.  FOR IBM SYSTEMS ONLY:  At the DEBUG prompt, which is a hyphen (-)
     verify that the system BIOS is 10-27-82 or later by typing in the 
     following command line:
     
                     -d f000:fff5 fffc
     
     3.   At the debug prompt, start the low level format program by 
     typing the following command line:
     
                     -g = c800:5 CR (for primary controller)
                     -g = ca00:5 CR (for secondary controller)
     
     4.   The Super BIOS format program displays the following message:
     
















          Super BIOS Formatter Rev. 2.4 Copyright Western Digital
                                   Corp. 1987
                               Current Drive is C:
                     Select new Drive or RETURN for current
     
     Enter your choice of drives at this point.  The program continues:
     
                             Current Interleave is 4
                  Select new Interleave or RETURN for current.
     
     Enter your choice of interleave at this point.  The recommended 
     interleave is 4.
     
             Are you dynamically configuring the drive?  Answer Y/N
     
     Answer: Yes
     
     In order to continue, you will need to know the parameters of your 
     drive.  For your convenience, we have prepared a list of common hard 
     disk drives and their parameters.   By returning to the previous  
     menu, you may access the drive list.  If your drive is not listed, 
     you will need to refer to your drive manual or contact your drive 
     manufacturer for this information.  You will need to know the 
     following:  Number of heads, number of cylinders, starting reduced 
     write current cylinder, write precompensation cylinder, maximum 
     correctable error burst length, step rate code.
     
     The Super BIOS program displays the initiate dynamic configuration 
     message:
                     Key in disk characteristics as follows:
                            ccc h rrr ppp ee o where
                ccc = total number of cylinders (1-4 digits)
                h = number of heads (1-2 digits)
                rrr = starting reduced write current cylinder (1-4 digits)
                ppp = write precomp cylinder (1-4 digits)
                ee = max correctable error burst length (1-2 digits) range 
                     = 5 to 11 bits, default = 11 bits
                o =*CCB option byte, step rate select (1 hex digit) range
                    = 0 to 7, default = 5 refer to controller and drive
                    specification for step rates.
     
     Enter each value separated by a space and follow the complete entry 
     with a RETURN.  Enter physical cylinder values. 
     
              Example for ST 251R:
                     820 4 821 821 11 7 (CR)
     
     *NOTE:  In order to maximize performance on your hard disk drive, you 
     should contact your hard drive manufacturer to find out the 
     recommended step pulse rate for your drive.  This is entered as a 
     code from 0-7 through the dynamic configuration option.  Pick the 
     closest value as indicated below:
     













     
          CCB        Step Rate
           0         3.3msec (mili seconds)
           1         24usec (micro seconds)
           2         24usec
           3         11usec
           4         24usec
           5         24usec
           6         24usec
           7         11usec
     
     The default is 5.
     
     Program Displays:
     
     Are you virtually configuring the drive - Answer Y/N
     
     Explanation:  Current versions of DOS allow you to format no more 
     than 32 megabytes per drive.  Therefore, a 40 megabyte drive may be 
     divided into two virtual drives using the virtual option.  If you 
     have a hard disk drive larger than 32 megabytes, you will want to 
     answer Yes to the above question in order to fully utilize your 
     drive's capacity.  For example:  If your drive has a 40 megabyte 
     formatted capacity you may choose to virtually split the drive into 
     either two 20 megabyte drives or a 30 megabyte drive and a 10 
     megabyte drive.  
     
     NOTE: WITH DOS VERSION 3.30 OR LATER OR WHEN USING A PARTITIONING 
     SOFTWARE PROGRAM, ANSWER "NO" TO VIRTUAL CONFIGURATION AND PARTITION 
     USING THE FDISK UTILITY.
     
     If you answer Yes to virtual configuration, you may not attach 
     another physical drive to the controller or add another Winchester 
     controller to the system.  Also, do NOT repeat this low level format 
     procedure for logical drive D.
     
     The program continues with the following display:
     
                Key in cylinder number for drive split as vvv ...
          where vvv = number of cylinders for drive C: (1-4 digits)
     
     Enter the ending cylinder number for drive C:.  Drive D: uses the 
     remaining cylinders.  
     
     The program continues with the following display:
     
          Press "Y" to begin formatting drive (C or D) with
          interleave of (03 or value entered above).
     
     If any key other than "Y" is typed, the program displays the 
     following message and returns the operator to DOS:
                Nothing done exit -
                returning to system...
     












     
     If an error occurs while formatting, the program immediately 
     terminates, displays error code and returns operator to DOS.  See 
     Table 3 for error codes.
     
     If "Y" is typed and there are no errors, the following message 
     appears:
                Formatting....
     
     Super BIOS now displays the following message:
          Do you want to format bad tracks - answer Y/N
     
     Note:  A list of bad tracks is normally found attached to your 
     drive.  If "Y" is typed, you will be prompted to enter the bad tracks 
     (see example below).  However, because of the logical addressing used 
     by DOS, marking an entire track bad will result in more than one 
     logical address being marked bad.  As DOS can only accept a limited 
     number of defects, a drive with excessive media defects may cause the 
     FORMAT program to terminate with an error.  The displayed error is 
     typically, "TRACK 00 BAD - DRIVE UNUSABLE."
     
     If you do choose to format bad tracks by pressing "Y", the program 
     will display the following:
          Key in bad track list as follows:
          ccc h...
          where
          ccc = bad track cylinder number (1-4 digits)
          h   = bad track head number (1-2 digits)
     
     Type in the cylinder and head numbers for the bad tracks separated by 
     a space and press RETURN.
     
     EXAMPLE:  160 1 161 2 304 3 223 4 223 2 CR
     
     The program continues:
                More? Y/N
     
     Enter extra bad tracks as above or terminate bad track formatting by 
     typing:    N  CR
     
     The program continues:
                BAD TRACK MAP
          TRACK ADDR          PROBLEM
          ccc H          USER-SUPPLIED
     
     If no errors occurred, Super BIOS message reads:
          Format Successful
          System will now restart
          Insert DOS diskette in drive A:
          Press any key when ready.
     















     
     5.   Repeat Step 4 if a second physical drive is to be formatted.  
     The program will not ask about virtual configuration on the second 
     drive because you cannot virtually configure a second drive.  Do NOT 
     run the low level format on the second logical drive if drive C: was 
     virtually configured.
     
     6.   Load and execute FDISK utility for both drives regardless of 
     virtual or physical configuration.  FDISK partition data should 
     indicate proper split of cylinders for both drives.  Follow DOS 
     instructions for using this utility.
     
     7.   Load and execute DOS FORMAT utility for both drives, regardless 
     of virtual or physical configurations.  Follow DOS instructions for 
     using this utility.
     
                              Table 1 - Error Codes
     
          Code       Completion Code Summary
     
          01         Bad Command
          02         Address Mark Not Found
          04         Sector Not Found
          05         Reset Failed
          07         Set Parameters Failed
          09         Attempt to DMA across 64K boundary
          0B         Bad Track
          10         Correctable Data Error
          11         ECC Error Corrected
          20         Controller Failure
          40         Seek Failure
          80         Time-out
          BB         Undefined Error
          FF         Read Status Failed
     































                                Common Questions
     
     Q:  My drive has 615 cylinders, and 26 sectors per track.  After 
     formatting, I have 940 cylinders and 17 sectors per track.  What's 
     wrong.
     
     A:  Older versions of DOS do not recognize the RLL capacity of 26 
     sectors per track.  Jumpers ON translates and makes DOS think that 
     there are 940 cylinders and only 17 sectors per track.  With this 
     translation, your drive should work.  If you upgrade to a newer 
     version of DOS, you can remove the jumpers and dynamically configure 
     the drive (page ).
     
     Q:  Can I use the WD1002A-27X in an AT.
     
     A:  No.  The WD1003-RAH or RA2, or the WD1006-RAH are recommended for 
     AT systems using RLL drives.
     
                                 Troubleshooting
     
     Eliminate obvious fault causing problems, i.e., reversed cables, 
     overloaded system power supply, improper drive selection, etc.
     
     Problem:  Winchester activity LED is always lit.
     
     Solution:  Cables may be reversed, drive malfunction, or bad cables.
     
     Problem:  Both Winchester activity LEDs come on at same time.
     
     Solution:  Improper drive select or termination.  Consult your drive 
     or system manual for information.
     
     Problem: "Nothing done exit" appears when starting the low level 
     format program.
     
     Solution:  "Y" was not pressed. Start at Step 1 of the format 
     instructions.
     
     Problem:  Controller formats 20 MB of a 30 MB drive.
     
     Solution:  Check W1 and W2 settings.
     
     Problem:  System hangs with controller installed.
     
     Solution:  System BIOS may not handle Winchester disk.  Update system 
     BIOS.
     
     Problem:  "Error Reading Fixed Disk" when booting system.
     
     Solution:  DOS partition not active.  See FDISK instructions in your 
     DOS manual.
     














     Problem:  Slow and inefficient operation.
     
     Solution:  Normally due to incorrect interleave factor which may 
     require some experimentation (see Format instructions).  Interleave 
     factors are dependent on drive access time, controller operation, 
     host operating speed and system, as well as application program.
     
     Problem:  "Hard Disk Drive Not Ready" or "01" Error Code.
     
     Solution:  System BIOS does not support Winchester controller and 
     drive.  Overloaded power supply.  Update system BIOS.
     
     Problem:  Error code "80" when formatting through debug.
     
     Solution:  Wrong drive select jumped on hard disk; cables reversed; 
     bad cables; no power to drive, bad drive.
     
     Problem:  Error code "40" or "20" appears on screen.
     
     Solution:  Cables reversed, bad cables, or drive malfunction.
     
     Problem:  After you do a high level format (Format C:/S), the message 
     "Insert disk drive and press ENTER" appears.  The system thinks drive 
     C is a floppy disk drive.
     
     Solution:  Motherboard switches are set for the incorrect number of 
     floppy disk drives.  Check to see if RAM disk drivers are present.
     
     Problem:  "Bad Track O" using DOS 3.1.
     
     Solution:  Make a config.sys file with BUFFERS = 99.  Reboot to load 
     the configuration and run the high level format (Format C:/S).
     
     Problem:  "Bad Track 0" using DOS 2.1.  (DOS 2.1 cannot support bad 
     tracks above 16.7 MB.)
     
     Solution:  Upgrade system to DOS 3.1.
     
