# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/src/bin/ping/ping.c

##### Functions

    catcher           X
    fill              X
    finish            X
    in_cksum          X
    main              X
    pinger            X
    pr_addr           X
    pr_icmph          X
    pr_iph            X
    pr_pack           X
    pr_retip          X
    tvsub             X
    usage             X

##### Variables

    BSPACE            X
    DOT               X
    datalen           X
    hostname          X
    ident             X
    interval          X
    mx_dup_ck         X
    npackets          X
    nreceived         X
    nrepeats          X
    ntransmitted      X
    options           X
    outpack           X
    rcvd_tbl          X
    s                 X
    timing            X
    tmax              X
    tmin              X
    tsum              X
    whereto           X

##### Macros

    A                 X
    B                 X
    CLR               X
    DEFDATALEN        X
    F_FLOOD           X
    F_INTERVAL        X
    F_NUMERIC         X
    F_PINGFILLED      X
    F_QUIET           X
    F_RROUTE          X
    F_SO_DEBUG        X
    F_SO_DONTROUTE    X
    F_VERBOSE         X
    MAXICMPLEN        X
    MAXIPLEN          X
    MAXPACKET         X
    MAXWAIT           X
    MAX_DUP_CHK       X
    NROUTES           X
    SET               X
    TST               X

       1: /*
       2:  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
       3:  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
       4:  *
       5:  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
       6:  * Mike Muuss.
       7:  *
       8:  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
       9:  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      10:  * are met:
      11:  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      12:  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
      13:  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      14:  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      15:  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
      16:  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
      17:  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
      18:  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
      19:  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
      20:  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
      21:  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
      22:  *    without specific prior written permission.
      23:  *
      24:  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
      25:  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
      26:  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
      27:  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
      28:  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
      29:  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
      30:  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
      31:  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
      32:  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
      33:  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
      34:  * SUCH DAMAGE.
      35:  */
      36:
      37: #if !defined(lint) && defined(DOSCCS)
      38: static char copyright[] =
      39: "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
      40: 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
      41:
      42: static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1.2 (2.11BSD) 1996/1/18";
      43: #endif /* not lint */
      44:
      45: /*
      46:  *			P I N G . C
      47:  *
      48:  * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
      49:  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
      50:  *
      51:  * Author -
      52:  *	Mike Muuss
      53:  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
      54:  *	December, 1983
      55:  *
      56:  * Status -
      57:  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
      58:  * Bugs -
      59:  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
      60:  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
      61:  */
      62:
      63: #include <sys/param.h>
      64: #include <sys/socket.h>
      65: #include <sys/file.h>
      66: #include <sys/time.h>
      67: #include <sys/signal.h>
      68:
      69: #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
      70: #include <netinet/in.h>
      71: #include <netinet/ip.h>
      72: #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
      73: #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
      74: #include <arpa/inet.h>
      75: #include <netdb.h>
      76: #include <stdio.h>
      77: #include <ctype.h>
      78: #include <errno.h>
      79: #include <string.h>
      80:
      81: #define DEFDATALEN  (64 - 8)    /* default data length */
      82: #define MAXIPLEN    60
      83: #define MAXICMPLEN  76
      84: #define MAXPACKET   (4096 - 60 - 8) /* max packet size */
      85: #define MAXWAIT     10      /* max seconds to wait for response */
      86: #define NROUTES     9       /* number of record route slots */
      87:
      88: #define A(bit)      rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]  /* identify byte in array */
      89: #define B(bit)      (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
      90: #define SET(bit)    (A(bit) |= B(bit))
      91: #define CLR(bit)    (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
      92: #define TST(bit)    (A(bit) & B(bit))
      93:
      94: /* various options */
      95: int options;
      96: #define F_FLOOD     0x001
      97: #define F_INTERVAL  0x002
      98: #define F_NUMERIC   0x004
      99: #define F_PINGFILLED    0x008
     100: #define F_QUIET     0x010
     101: #define F_RROUTE    0x020
     102: #define F_SO_DEBUG  0x040
     103: #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x080
     104: #define F_VERBOSE   0x100
     105:
     106: /*
     107:  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
     108:  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 512
     109:  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
     110:  */
     111: #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 512)
     112: int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
     113: char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
     114:
     115: struct sockaddr whereto;    /* who to ping */
     116: int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
     117: int s;              /* socket file descriptor */
     118: u_char outpack[MAXPACKET];
     119: char BSPACE = '\b';     /* characters written for flood */
     120: char DOT = '.';
     121: char *hostname;
     122: int ident;          /* process id to identify our packets */
     123:
     124: /* counters */
     125: long npackets;          /* max packets to transmit */
     126: long nreceived;         /* # of packets we got back */
     127: long nrepeats;          /* number of duplicates */
     128: long ntransmitted;      /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
     129: int interval = 1;       /* interval between packets */
     130:
     131: /* timing */
     132: int timing;         /* flag to do timing */
     133: double tmin = 999999999.0;  /* minimum round trip time */
     134: double tmax = 0.0;      /* maximum round trip time */
     135: double tsum = 0.0;      /* sum of all times, for doing average */
     136:
     137: char *pr_addr();
     138: void catcher(), finish();
     139:
     140: main(argc, argv)
     141:     int argc;
     142:     char **argv;
     143: {
     144:     extern int errno, optind;
     145:     extern char *optarg;
     146:     struct timeval timeout;
     147:     struct hostent *hp;
     148:     struct sockaddr_in *to;
     149:     struct protoent *proto;
     150:     register int i;
     151:     int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload;
     152:     u_char *datap, *packet;
     153:     char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], *malloc();
     154: #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
     155:     char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1];   /* record route space */
     156: #endif
     157:
     158:     preload = 0;
     159:     datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)];
     160:     while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Rc:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:v")) != EOF)
     161:         switch(ch) {
     162:         case 'c':
     163:             npackets = atoi(optarg);
     164:             if (npackets <= 0) {
     165:                 (void)fprintf(stderr,
     166:                     "ping: bad number of packets to transmit.\n");
     167:                 exit(1);
     168:             }
     169:             break;
     170:         case 'd':
     171:             options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
     172:             break;
     173:         case 'f':
     174:             if (getuid()) {
     175:                 (void)fprintf(stderr,
     176:                     "ping: %s\n", strerror(EPERM));
     177:                 exit(1);
     178:             }
     179:             options |= F_FLOOD;
     180:             setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
     181:             break;
     182:         case 'i':       /* wait between sending packets */
     183:             interval = atoi(optarg);
     184:             if (interval <= 0) {
     185:                 (void)fprintf(stderr,
     186:                     "ping: bad timing interval.\n");
     187:                 exit(1);
     188:             }
     189:             options |= F_INTERVAL;
     190:             break;
     191:         case 'l':
     192:             preload = atoi(optarg);
     193:             if (preload < 0) {
     194:                 (void)fprintf(stderr,
     195:                     "ping: bad preload value.\n");
     196:                 exit(1);
     197:             }
     198:             break;
     199:         case 'n':
     200:             options |= F_NUMERIC;
     201:             break;
     202:         case 'p':       /* fill buffer with user pattern */
     203:             options |= F_PINGFILLED;
     204:             fill((char *)datap, optarg);
     205:                 break;
     206:         case 'q':
     207:             options |= F_QUIET;
     208:             break;
     209:         case 'R':
     210:             options |= F_RROUTE;
     211:             break;
     212:         case 'r':
     213:             options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
     214:             break;
     215:         case 's':       /* size of packet to send */
     216:             datalen = atoi(optarg);
     217:             if (datalen > MAXPACKET) {
     218:                 (void)fprintf(stderr,
     219:                     "ping: packet size too large.\n");
     220:                 exit(1);
     221:             }
     222:             if (datalen <= 0) {
     223:                 (void)fprintf(stderr,
     224:                     "ping: illegal packet size.\n");
     225:                 exit(1);
     226:             }
     227:             break;
     228:         case 'v':
     229:             options |= F_VERBOSE;
     230:             break;
     231:         default:
     232:             usage();
     233:         }
     234:     argc -= optind;
     235:     argv += optind;
     236:
     237:     if (argc != 1)
     238:         usage();
     239:     target = *argv;
     240:
     241:     bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
     242:     to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto;
     243:     to->sin_family = AF_INET;
     244:     to->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(target);
     245:     if (to->sin_addr.s_addr != -1L)
     246:         hostname = target;
     247:     else {
     248:         hp = gethostbyname(target);
     249:         if (!hp) {
     250:             (void)fprintf(stderr,
     251:                 "ping: unknown host %s\n", target);
     252:             exit(1);
     253:         }
     254:         to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
     255:         bcopy(hp->h_addr, (caddr_t)&to->sin_addr, hp->h_length);
     256:         (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
     257:         hostname = hnamebuf;
     258:     }
     259:
     260:     if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) {
     261:         (void)fprintf(stderr,
     262:             "ping: -f and -i incompatible options.\n");
     263:         exit(1);
     264:     }
     265:
     266:     if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval))  /* can we time transfer */
     267:         timing = 1;
     268:     packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
     269:     if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) {
     270:         (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: out of memory.\n");
     271:         exit(1);
     272:     }
     273:     if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
     274:         for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i)
     275:             *datap++ = i;
     276:
     277:     ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
     278:
     279:     if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp"))) {
     280:         (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown protocol icmp.\n");
     281:         exit(1);
     282:     }
     283:     if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0) {
     284:         perror("ping: socket");
     285:         exit(1);
     286:     }
     287:     hold = 1;
     288:     if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
     289:         (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
     290:             sizeof(hold));
     291:     if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
     292:         (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
     293:             sizeof(hold));
     294:
     295:     /* record route option */
     296:     if (options & F_RROUTE) {
     297: #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
     298:         rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
     299:         rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1;
     300:         rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
     301:         if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
     302:             sizeof(rspace)) < 0) {
     303:             perror("ping: record route");
     304:             exit(1);
     305:         }
     306: #else
     307:         (void)fprintf(stderr,
     308:           "ping: record route not available in this implementation.\n");
     309:         exit(1);
     310: #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
     311:     }
     312:
     313:     /*
     314: 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
     315: 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
     316: 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
     317: 	 * /etc/ethers.
     318: 	 */
     319:     hold = 48 * 1024;
     320:     (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
     321:         sizeof(hold));
     322:
     323:     if (to->sin_family == AF_INET)
     324:         (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname,
     325:             inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr),
     326:             datalen);
     327:     else
     328:         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
     329:
     330:     (void)signal(SIGINT, finish);
     331:     (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
     332:
     333:     while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
     334:         pinger();
     335:
     336:     if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0)
     337:         catcher();      /* start things going */
     338:
     339:     for (;;) {
     340:         struct sockaddr_in from;
     341:         register int cc;
     342:         int fromlen;
     343:
     344:         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
     345:             pinger();
     346:             timeout.tv_sec = 0;
     347:             timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
     348:             fdmask = 1 << s;
     349:             if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL,
     350:                 (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1)
     351:                 continue;
     352:         }
     353:         fromlen = sizeof(from);
     354:         if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0,
     355:             (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) {
     356:             if (errno == EINTR)
     357:                 continue;
     358:             perror("ping: recvfrom");
     359:             continue;
     360:         }
     361:         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from);
     362:         if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
     363:             break;
     364:     }
     365:     finish();
     366:     /* NOTREACHED */
     367: }
     368:
     369: /*
     370:  * catcher --
     371:  *	This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then
     372:  * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now.
     373:  *
     374:  * bug --
     375:  *	Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be
     376:  * launched exactly at 1-second intervals).  This does not affect the
     377:  * quality of the delay and loss statistics.
     378:  */
     379: void
     380: catcher()
     381: {
     382:     int waittime;
     383:
     384:     pinger();
     385:     (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher);
     386:     if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
     387:         alarm((u_int)interval);
     388:     else {
     389:         if (nreceived) {
     390:             waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000;
     391:             if (!waittime)
     392:                 waittime = 1;
     393:         } else
     394:             waittime = MAXWAIT;
     395:         (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish);
     396:         (void)alarm((u_int)waittime);
     397:     }
     398: }
     399:
     400: /*
     401:  * pinger --
     402:  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
     403:  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
     404:  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first 8 bytes
     405:  * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
     406:  * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
     407:  */
     408: pinger()
     409: {
     410:     register struct icmp *icp;
     411:     register int cc;
     412:     int i;
     413:
     414:     icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
     415:     icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
     416:     icp->icmp_code = 0;
     417:     icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
     418:     icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++;
     419:     icp->icmp_id = ident;           /* ID */
     420:
     421:     CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
     422:
     423:     if (timing)
     424:         (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8],
     425:             (struct timezone *)NULL);
     426:
     427:     cc = datalen + 8;           /* skips ICMP portion */
     428:
     429:     /* compute ICMP checksum here */
     430:     icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
     431:
     432:     i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto,
     433:         sizeof(struct sockaddr));
     434:
     435:     if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
     436:         if (i < 0)
     437:             perror("ping: sendto");
     438:         (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n",
     439:             hostname, cc, i);
     440:     }
     441:     if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
     442:         (void)write(fileno(stdout), &DOT, 1);
     443: }
     444:
     445: /*
     446:  * pr_pack --
     447:  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
     448:  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
     449:  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
     450:  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
     451:  */
     452: pr_pack(buf, cc, from)
     453:     char *buf;
     454:     int cc;
     455:     struct sockaddr_in *from;
     456: {
     457:     register struct icmp *icp;
     458:     register u_long l;
     459:     register int i, j;
     460:     register u_char *cp,*dp;
     461:     static int old_rrlen;
     462:     static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
     463:     struct ip *ip;
     464:     struct timeval tv, *tp;
     465:     double triptime;
     466:     int hlen, dupflag;
     467:
     468:     (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
     469:
     470:     /* Check the IP header */
     471:     ip = (struct ip *)buf;
     472:     hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
     473:     if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
     474:         if (options & F_VERBOSE)
     475:             (void)fprintf(stderr,
     476:               "ping: packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
     477:               inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr));
     478:         return;
     479:     }
     480:
     481:     /* Now the ICMP part */
     482:     cc -= hlen;
     483:     icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
     484:     if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
     485:         if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
     486:             return;         /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
     487:         ++nreceived;
     488:         if (timing) {
     489: #ifndef icmp_data
     490:             tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip;
     491: #else
     492:             tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data;
     493: #endif
     494:             tvsub(&tv, tp);
     495:             triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
     496:                 ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0;
     497:             tsum += triptime;
     498:             if (triptime < tmin)
     499:                 tmin = triptime;
     500:             if (triptime > tmax)
     501:                 tmax = triptime;
     502:         }
     503:
     504:         if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
     505:             ++nrepeats;
     506:             --nreceived;
     507:             dupflag = 1;
     508:         } else {
     509:             SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
     510:             dupflag = 0;
     511:         }
     512:
     513:         if (options & F_QUIET)
     514:             return;
     515:
     516:         if (options & F_FLOOD)
     517:             (void)write(fileno(stdout), &BSPACE, 1);
     518:         else {
     519:             (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
     520:                inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
     521:                icp->icmp_seq);
     522:             (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
     523:             if (timing)
     524:                 (void)printf(" time=%g ms", triptime);
     525:             if (dupflag)
     526:                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
     527:             /* check the data */
     528:             cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8];
     529:             dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)];
     530:             for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
     531:                 if (*cp != *dp) {
     532:     (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
     533:         i, *dp, *cp);
     534:                     cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
     535:                     for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
     536:                         if ((i % 32) == 8)
     537:                             (void)printf("\n\t");
     538:                         (void)printf("%x ", *cp);
     539:                     }
     540:                     break;
     541:                 }
     542:             }
     543:         }
     544:     } else {
     545:         /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */
     546:         if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
     547:             return;
     548:         (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
     549:             pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr));
     550:         pr_icmph(icp);
     551:     }
     552:
     553:     /* Display any IP options */
     554:     cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
     555:
     556:     for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
     557:         switch (*cp) {
     558:         case IPOPT_EOL:
     559:             hlen = 0;
     560:             break;
     561:         case IPOPT_LSRR:
     562:             (void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
     563:             hlen -= 2;
     564:             j = *++cp;
     565:             ++cp;
     566:             if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF)
     567:                 for (;;) {
     568:                     l = *++cp;
     569:                     l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
     570:                     l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
     571:                     l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
     572:                     if (l == 0)
     573:                         (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
     574:                 else
     575:                     (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
     576:                 hlen -= 4;
     577:                 j -= 4;
     578:                 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF)
     579:                     break;
     580:                 (void)putchar('\n');
     581:             }
     582:             break;
     583:         case IPOPT_RR:
     584:             j = *++cp;      /* get length */
     585:             i = *++cp;      /* and pointer */
     586:             hlen -= 2;
     587:             if (i > j)
     588:                 i = j;
     589:             i -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
     590:             if (i <= 0)
     591:                 continue;
     592:             if (i == old_rrlen
     593:                 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2
     594:                 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
     595:                 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
     596:                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
     597:                 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4;
     598:                 hlen -= i;
     599:                 cp += i;
     600:                 break;
     601:             }
     602:             old_rrlen = i;
     603:             bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
     604:             (void)printf("\nRR: ");
     605:             for (;;) {
     606:                 l = *++cp;
     607:                 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
     608:                 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
     609:                 l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
     610:                 if (l == 0)
     611:                     (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
     612:                 else
     613:                     (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l)));
     614:                 hlen -= 4;
     615:                 i -= 4;
     616:                 if (i <= 0)
     617:                     break;
     618:                 (void)putchar('\n');
     619:             }
     620:             break;
     621:         case IPOPT_NOP:
     622:             (void)printf("\nNOP");
     623:             break;
     624:         default:
     625:             (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
     626:             break;
     627:         }
     628:     if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
     629:         (void)putchar('\n');
     630:         (void)fflush(stdout);
     631:     }
     632: }
     633:
     634: /*
     635:  * in_cksum --
     636:  *	Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
     637:  */
     638: in_cksum(addr, len)
     639:     u_short *addr;
     640:     int len;
     641: {
     642:     register int nleft = len;
     643:     register u_short *w = addr;
     644:     u_short answer = 0;
     645:     long sum = 0;
     646:
     647:     /*
     648: 	 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
     649: 	 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
     650: 	 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
     651: 	 */
     652:     while (nleft > 1)  {
     653:         sum += *w++;
     654:         nleft -= 2;
     655:     }
     656:
     657:     /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
     658:     if (nleft == 1) {
     659:         *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ;
     660:         sum += answer;
     661:     }
     662:
     663:     /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
     664:     sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffffL);    /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
     665:     sum += (sum >> 16);         /* add carry */
     666:     answer = ~sum;              /* truncate to 16 bits */
     667:     return(answer);
     668: }
     669:
     670: /*
     671:  * tvsub --
     672:  *	Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
     673:  * be >= in.
     674:  */
     675: tvsub(out, in)
     676:     register struct timeval *out, *in;
     677: {
     678:     if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
     679:         --out->tv_sec;
     680:         out->tv_usec += 1000000;
     681:     }
     682:     out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
     683: }
     684:
     685: /*
     686:  * finish --
     687:  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
     688:  */
     689: void
     690: finish()
     691: {
     692:     register int i;
     693:
     694:     (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
     695:     (void)putchar('\n');
     696:     (void)fflush(stdout);
     697:     (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
     698:     (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
     699:     (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
     700:     if (nrepeats)
     701:         (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
     702:     if (ntransmitted)
     703:         if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
     704:             (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
     705:         else
     706:             (void)printf("%d%% packet loss",
     707:                 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
     708:                 ntransmitted));
     709:     (void)putchar('\n');
     710:     if (nreceived && timing) {
     711:         /* Only display average to microseconds */
     712:         i = 1000.0 * tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats);
     713:         (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %g/%g/%g ms\n",
     714:             tmin, ((double)i) / 1000.0, tmax);
     715:     }
     716:     exit(0);
     717: }
     718:
     719: #ifdef notdef
     720: static char *ttab[] = {
     721:     "Echo Reply",       /* ip + seq + udata */
     722:     "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
     723:     "Source Quench",    /* IP */
     724:     "Redirect",     /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
     725:     "Echo",
     726:     "Time Exceeded",    /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
     727:     "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
     728:     "Timestamp",        /* id + seq + three timestamps */
     729:     "Timestamp Reply",  /* " */
     730:     "Info Request",     /* id + sq */
     731:     "Info Reply"        /* " */
     732: };
     733: #endif
     734:
     735: /*
     736:  * pr_icmph --
     737:  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
     738:  */
     739: pr_icmph(icp)
     740:     struct icmp *icp;
     741: {
     742:     switch(icp->icmp_type) {
     743:     case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
     744:         (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
     745:         /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
     746:         break;
     747:     case ICMP_UNREACH:
     748:         switch(icp->icmp_code) {
     749:         case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
     750:             (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
     751:             break;
     752:         case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
     753:             (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
     754:             break;
     755:         case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
     756:             (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
     757:             break;
     758:         case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
     759:             (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
     760:             break;
     761:         case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
     762:             (void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n");
     763:             break;
     764:         case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
     765:             (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
     766:             break;
     767:         default:
     768:             (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
     769:                 icp->icmp_code);
     770:             break;
     771:         }
     772:         /* Print returned IP header information */
     773: #ifndef icmp_data
     774:         pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
     775: #else
     776:         pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
     777: #endif
     778:         break;
     779:     case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
     780:         (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
     781: #ifndef icmp_data
     782:         pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
     783: #else
     784:         pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
     785: #endif
     786:         break;
     787:     case ICMP_REDIRECT:
     788:         switch(icp->icmp_code) {
     789:         case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
     790:             (void)printf("Redirect Network");
     791:             break;
     792:         case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
     793:             (void)printf("Redirect Host");
     794:             break;
     795:         case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
     796:             (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
     797:             break;
     798:         case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
     799:             (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
     800:             break;
     801:         default:
     802:             (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
     803:             break;
     804:         }
     805:         (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr);
     806: #ifndef icmp_data
     807:         pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
     808: #else
     809:         pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
     810: #endif
     811:         break;
     812:     case ICMP_ECHO:
     813:         (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
     814:         /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
     815:         break;
     816:     case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
     817:         switch(icp->icmp_code) {
     818:         case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
     819:             (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
     820:             break;
     821:         case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
     822:             (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
     823:             break;
     824:         default:
     825:             (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
     826:                 icp->icmp_code);
     827:             break;
     828:         }
     829: #ifndef icmp_data
     830:         pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
     831: #else
     832:         pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
     833: #endif
     834:         break;
     835:     case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
     836:         (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
     837:             icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
     838: #ifndef icmp_data
     839:         pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
     840: #else
     841:         pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
     842: #endif
     843:         break;
     844:     case ICMP_TSTAMP:
     845:         (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
     846:         /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
     847:         break;
     848:     case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
     849:         (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
     850:         /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
     851:         break;
     852:     case ICMP_IREQ:
     853:         (void)printf("Information Request\n");
     854:         /* XXX ID + Seq */
     855:         break;
     856:     case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
     857:         (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
     858:         /* XXX ID + Seq */
     859:         break;
     860: #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ
     861:     case ICMP_MASKREQ:
     862:         (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
     863:         break;
     864: #endif
     865: #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY
     866:     case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
     867:         (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
     868:         break;
     869: #endif
     870:     default:
     871:         (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
     872:     }
     873: }
     874:
     875: /*
     876:  * pr_iph --
     877:  *	Print an IP header with options.
     878:  */
     879: pr_iph(ip)
     880:     struct ip *ip;
     881: {
     882:     int hlen;
     883:     u_char *cp;
     884:
     885:     hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
     886:     cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;     /* point to options */
     887:
     888:     (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst Data\n");
     889:     (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
     890:         ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id);
     891:     (void)printf("   %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
     892:         (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
     893:     (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum);
     894:     (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
     895:     (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
     896:     /* dump and option bytes */
     897:     while (hlen-- > 20) {
     898:         (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
     899:     }
     900:     (void)putchar('\n');
     901: }
     902:
     903: /*
     904:  * pr_addr --
     905:  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
     906:  * a hostname.
     907:  */
     908: char *
     909: pr_addr(l)
     910:     u_long l;
     911: {
     912:     struct hostent *hp;
     913:     static char buf[80];
     914:
     915:     if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
     916:         !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET)))
     917:         (void)sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l));
     918:     else
     919:         (void)sprintf(buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
     920:             inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l));
     921:     return(buf);
     922: }
     923:
     924: /*
     925:  * pr_retip --
     926:  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
     927:  */
     928: pr_retip(ip)
     929:     struct ip *ip;
     930: {
     931:     int hlen;
     932:     u_char *cp;
     933:
     934:     pr_iph(ip);
     935:     hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
     936:     cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
     937:
     938:     if (ip->ip_p == 6)
     939:         (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
     940:             (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
     941:     else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
     942:         (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
     943:             (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
     944: }
     945:
     946: fill(bp, patp)
     947:     char *bp, *patp;
     948: {
     949:     register int ii, jj, kk;
     950:     int pat[16];
     951:     char *cp;
     952:
     953:     for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
     954:         if (!isxdigit(*cp)) {
     955:             (void)fprintf(stderr,
     956:                 "ping: patterns must be specified as hex digits.\n");
     957:             exit(1);
     958:         }
     959:     ii = sscanf(patp,
     960:         "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
     961:         &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
     962:         &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
     963:         &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
     964:
     965:     if (ii > 0)
     966:         for (kk = 0;
     967:             kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + sizeof(struct timeval) + ii);
     968:             kk += ii)
     969:             for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
     970:                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
     971:     if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
     972:         (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
     973:         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
     974:             (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
     975:         (void)printf("\n");
     976:     }
     977: }
     978:
     979: usage()
     980: {
     981:     (void)fprintf(stderr,
     982:         "usage: ping [-Rdfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload]\n\t[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] host\n");
     983:     exit(1);
     984: }

#### Defined functions

catcher defined in line 379; used 4 times

- in line 138, 331, 337, 385

fill defined in line 946; used 1 times

- in line 204

finish defined in line 689; used 4 times

- in line 138, 330, 365, 395

in_cksum defined in line 638; used 1 times

- in line 430

main defined in line 140; never used
pinger defined in line 408; used 3 times

- in line 334, 345, 384

pr_addr defined in line 908; used 4 times

- in line 137, 549, 575, 613

pr_icmph defined in line 739; used 1 times

- in line 550

pr_iph defined in line 879; used 1 times

- in line 934

pr_pack defined in line 452; used 1 times

- in line 361

pr_retip defined in line 928; used 10 times

- in line 774-776(2), 782-784(2), 807-809(2), 830-832(2), 839-841(2)

tvsub defined in line 675; used 1 times

- in line 494

usage defined in line 979; used 2 times

- in line 232, 238

#### Defined variables

BSPACE defined in line 119; used 1 times

- in line 517

DOT defined in line 120; used 1 times

- in line 442

copyright defined in line 38; never used
datalen defined in line 116; used 11 times

- in line 216-222(3), 266-268(2), 274, 326-328(2), 427, 530-535(2)

hostname defined in line 121; used 6 times

- in line 246, 257, 324-328(2), 439, 697

ident defined in line 122; used 3 times

- in line 277, 419, 485

interval defined in line 129; used 3 times

- in line 183-184(2), 387

mx_dup_ck defined in line 112; used 3 times

- in line 421, 504-509(2)

npackets defined in line 125; used 6 times

- in line 163-164(2), 362(2), 386(2)

nreceived defined in line 126; used 9 times

- in line 362, 389, 487, 506, 699-712(5)

nrepeats defined in line 127; used 4 times

- in line 505, 700-701(2), 712

ntransmitted defined in line 128; used 7 times

- in line 386, 418, 698-708(5)

options defined in line 95; used 27 times

- in line 171, 179, 189, 200-213(5), 229, 260(2), 273, 288-296(3), 336, 344, 441(2), 474, 513-516(2), 546, 595, 628, 915, 971

outpack defined in line 118; used 5 times

- in line 159, 414, 424, 432, 529

rcvd_tbl defined in line 113; used 1 times

- in line 88

s defined in line 117; used 9 times

- in line 283, 289-292(2), 301, 320, 348-354(3), 432

sccsid defined in line 42; never used
timing defined in line 132; used 5 times

- in line 267, 423, 488, 523, 710

tmax defined in line 134; used 4 times

- in line 390, 500-501(2), 714

tmin defined in line 133; used 3 times

- in line 498-499(2), 714

tsum defined in line 135; used 2 times

- in line 497, 712

ttab defined in line 720; never used
whereto defined in line 115; used 3 times

- in line 241-242(2), 432

#### Defined macros

A defined in line 88; used 3 times

- in line 90-92(3)

B defined in line 89; used 3 times

- in line 90-92(3)

CLR defined in line 91; used 1 times

- in line 421

DEFDATALEN defined in line 81; used 1 times

- in line 116

F_FLOOD defined in line 96; used 8 times

- in line 179, 260, 336, 344, 441, 516, 595, 628

F_INTERVAL defined in line 97; used 2 times

- in line 189, 260

F_NUMERIC defined in line 98; used 2 times

- in line 200, 915

F_PINGFILLED defined in line 99; used 2 times

- in line 203, 273

F_QUIET defined in line 100; used 4 times

- in line 207, 441, 513, 971

F_RROUTE defined in line 101; used 2 times

- in line 210, 296

F_SO_DEBUG defined in line 102; used 2 times

- in line 171, 288

F_SO_DONTROUTE defined in line 103; used 2 times

- in line 213, 291

F_VERBOSE defined in line 104; used 3 times

- in line 229, 474, 546

MAXICMPLEN defined in line 83; used 1 times

- in line 268

MAXIPLEN defined in line 82; used 1 times

- in line 268

MAXPACKET defined in line 84; used 3 times

- in line 118, 217, 967

MAXWAIT defined in line 85; used 1 times

- in line 394

MAX_DUP_CHK defined in line 111; used 2 times

- in line 112-113(2)

NROUTES defined in line 86; used 1 times

- in line 155

SET defined in line 90; used 1 times

- in line 509

TST defined in line 92; used 1 times

- in line 504

Last modified: 1996-01-19 Generated: 2016-12-26 | Generated by src2html V0.67 page hit count: 3233 |