# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat8/identd.0

    IDENTD(8)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		IDENTD(8)

    NAME
         identd, in.identd - TCP/IP IDENT protocol server

    SYNOPSIS
         /usr/libexec/[in.]identd [-i|-w|-b [-t<seconds>] [-u<uid>]
         [-g<gid>] [-p<port>] [-a<address>] [-c<charset>]
         [-C[<keyfile>]] [-o] [-e] [-l] [-V] [-m] [-N] [-d]
         [-F<format>] [kernelfile[kmemfile]]

    DESCRIPTION
         identd is a server which implements the TCP/IP proposed
         standard IDENT user identification protocol as specified in
         the RFC 1413 document.

         identd operates by looking up specific TCP/IP connections
         and returning the user name of the process owning the con-
         nection.  It can optionally return other information instead
         of a user name.

    ARGUMENTS
         The -i flag, which is the default mode, should be used when
         starting the daemon from inetd with the "nowait" option in
         the /etc/inetd.conf file. Use of this mode will make inetd
         start one identd daemon for each connection request.

         The -w flag should be used when starting the daemon from
         inetd with the "wait" option in the /etc/inetd.conf file .
         This is the prefered mode of operation since that will start
         a copy of identd at the first connection request and then
         identd will handle subsequent requests without having to do
         the nlist lookup in the kernel file for every request as in
         the -i mode above. The identd daemon will run either for-
         ever, until a bug makes it crash or a timeout, as specified
         by the -t flag, occurs.

         The -b flag can be used to make the daemon run in standalone
         mode without the assistance from inetd.  This mode is the
         least prefered mode since a bug or any other fatal condition
         in the server will make it terminate and it will then have
         to be restarted manually. Other than that it has the same
         advantage as the -w mode in that it parses the nlist only
         once.

         The -t<seconds> option is used to specify the timeout limit.
         This is the number of seconds a server started with the -w
         flag will wait for new connections before terminating. The
         server is automatically restarted by inetd whenever a new
         connection is requested if it has terminated. A suitable
         value for this is 120 (2 minutes), if used. It defaults to
         no timeout (i.e. will wait forever, or until a fatal condi-
         tion occurs in the server).

    Printed 11/24/99	   27 May 1992				1

    IDENTD(8)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		IDENTD(8)

         The -u<uid> option is used to specify a user id number which
         the ident server should switch to after binding itself to
         the TCP/IP port if using the -b mode of operation.

         The -g<gid> option is used to specify a group id number
         which the ident server should switch to after binding itself
         to the TCP/IP port if using the -b mode of operation.

         The -p<port> option is used to specify an alternative port
         number to bind to if using the -b mode of operation. It can
         be specified by name or by number. Defaults to the IDENT
         port (113).

         The -a<address> option is used to specify the local address
         to bind the socket to if using the -b mode of operation. Can
         only be specified by IP address and not by domain name.
         Defaults to the INADDR_ANY address which normally means all
         local addresses.

         The -V flag makes identd display the version number and then
         exit.

         The -l flag tells identd to use the System logging daemon
         syslogd for logging purposes.

         The -o flag tells identd to not reveal the operating system
         type it is run on and to instead always return "OTHER".

         The -e flag tells identd to always return "UNKNOWN-ERROR"
         instead of the "NO-USER" or "INVALID-PORT" errors.

         The -c<charset> flags tells identd to add the optional
         (according to the IDENT protocol) character set designator
         to the reply generated. charset should be a valid character
         set as described in the MIME RFC in upper case characters.

         The -C[<keyfile>] option tells identd to return encrypted
         tokens instead of user names.  The local and remote IP
         addresses and TCP port numbers, the local user's uid number,
         a timestamp, a random number, and a checksum, are all
         encrypted using DES with a secret key derived from the first
         line of the keyfile (using des_string_to_key(3)).	The
         encrypted binary information is then encoded in a base64
         string (32 characters in length) and enclosed in square
         brackets to produce a token that is transmitted to the
         remote client.  The encrypted token can later be decrypted
         by idecrypt(8).  There may not be a space between the -C and
         the name of the keyfile.  If the keyfile is not specified,
         it defaults to /etc/identd.key.

         The -n flag tells identd to always return user numbers
         instead of user names if you wish to keep the user names a

    Printed 11/24/99	   27 May 1992				2

    IDENTD(8)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		IDENTD(8)

         secret.  The -N flag makes identd check for a file
         ".noident" in each homedirectory for a user which the daemon
         is about to return the user name for. It that file exists
         then the daemon will give the error HIDDEN-USER instead of
         the normal USERID response.

         -m flag makes identd use a mode of operation that will allow
         multiple requests to be processed per session. Each request
         is specified one per line and the responses will be returned
         one per line. The connection will not be closed until the
         connecting part closes it's end of the line.  PLEASE NOTE
         THAT THIS MODE VIOLATES THE PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION AS IT
         CURRENTLY STANDS.

         The -d flag enables some debugging code that normally should
         NOT be enabled since that breaks the protocol and may reveal
         information that should not be available to outsiders.

         The -F<format> option makes identd use the specified format
         to display info. The allowed format specifiers are:
    	  %u   print user name
    	  %U   print user number
    	  %g   print (primary) group name
    	  %G   print (primary) group number
    	  %l   print list of all groups by name
    	  %L   print list of all groups by number
    	  %p   print process ID of running process
    	  %c   print command name
    	  %C   print command and arguments
         The lists of groups (%l, %L) are comma-separated, and start
         with the primary group which is not repeated. The %p and the
         %c and %C formats are not supported on all architecture
         implementations (printing 0 or empty string instead).
         Any other characters (preceded by %, and those not preceded
         by it) are printed literally. The "default" format is %u,
         and you should not use anything else without the -o flag.
         Not implemented yet, but on my wish-list are the following:
    	  %w   print working (current) directory
    	  %h   print home (login, naming) directory
    	  %e   print the environment

         kernelfile defaults to the normally running kernel file.

         kmemfile defaults to the memory space of the normally run-
         ning kernel.

    UNDOCUMENTED FLAGS
         The -v flag enables more verbose output or messages.
         (Further occurences of the -v flag make things even more
         verbose.) Currently not used: ignored.

    Printed 11/24/99	   27 May 1992				3

    IDENTD(8)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		IDENTD(8)

         The -f<config-file> option causes identd to use the named
         config file (instead of the default /etc/identd.conf ?).
         Currently not used: ignored, no config files are used.

         The -r<indirect_host> option is used in some way (for proxy
         queries?).

         The -C<keyfile> option is used in some way for DES encryp-
         tion.

    INSTALLATION
         identd is invoked either by the internet server (see
         inetd(8C) ) for requests to connect to the IDENT port as
         indicated by the /etc/services file (see services(5) ) when
         using the -w or -i modes of operation or started manually by
         using the -b mode of operation.

    EXAMPLES
         Assuming the server is located in /usr/etc/in.identd one can
         put either:

         ident stream tcp wait sys /usr/etc/in.identd in.identd -w
         -t120

         or:

         ident stream tcp nowait sys /usr/etc/in.identd in.identd -i

         into the /etc/inetd.conf file. User "sys" should have enough
         rights to READ the kernel but NOT to write to it.

         To start it using the -b mode of operation one can put a
         line like this into the /etc/rc.local file:

         /usr/etc/in.identd -b -u2 -g2

         This will make it run in the background as user 2, group 2
         (user "sys", group "kmem" on SunOS 4.1.1).

    NOTES
         The username (or UID) returned ought to be the login name.
         However it (probably, for most architecture implementations)
         is the "real user ID" as stored with the process; there is
         no provision for returning the "effective user ID". Thus the
         UID returned may be different from the login name for setuid
         programs (or those running as root) which done a setuid(3)
         call and their children. For example, it may (should?) be
         wrong for an incoming ftpd ; and we are probably interested
         in the running shell, not the telnetd for an incoming telnet
         session. (But of course identd returns info for outgoing
         connections, not incoming ones.)

    Printed 11/24/99	   27 May 1992				4

    IDENTD(8)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		IDENTD(8)

         The group or list of groups returned (with the -F option)
         are as looked up in the /etc/passwd and /etc/group files,
         based on the UID returned. Thus these may not relate well to
         the group(s) of the running process for setuid or setgid
         programs or their children.

         The command names returned with formats %c and %C may be
         different, use one or the other or both.

    FILES
         /etc/identd.conf
    	  This file is as yet un-used, but will eventually con-
    	  tain configuration options for identd

         /etc/identd.key
    	  If compiled with -ldes this file can be used to specify
    	  a secret key for encrypting replies.

    SEE ALSO
         authuser(3) , inetd.conf(5) , idecrypt(8)

    BUGS
         The handling of fatal errors could be better.

    Printed 11/24/99	   27 May 1992				5

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