# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat8/lpd.0

    LPD(8)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   LPD(8)

    NAME
         lpd - line printer daemon

    SYNOPSIS
         /usr/sbin/lpd [ -l ] [ port # ]

    DESCRIPTION
         Lpd is the line printer daemon (spool area handler)  and  is
         normally invoked at boot time from the rc(8) file.  It makes
         a single pass through the printcap(5) file to find out about
         the  existing  printers  and  prints  any files left after a
         crash. It then uses the system calls listen(2) and accept(2)
         to  receive  requests  to print files in the queue, transfer
         files to the spooling area, display  the  queue,  or  remove
         jobs from the queue.  In each case, it forks a child to han-
         dle the request so the parent can	continue  to  listen  for
         more  requests.  The Internet port number used to rendezvous
         with  other  processes  is  normally  obtained   with   get-
         servbyname(3)  but  can  be changed with the port# argument.
         The -l flag causes lpd to log valid requests  received  from
         the network. This can be useful for debugging purposes.

         Access control is provided by two means. First, All requests
         must  come  from  one  of	the  machines  listed in the file
         /etc/hosts.equiv or /etc/hosts.lpd.  Second, if  the  ``rs''
         capability  is  specified	in  the  printcap  entry  for the
         printer being accessed, lpr requests will	only  be  honored
         for  those  users	with  accounts	on  the  machine with the
         printer.

         The file minfree in each spool directory contains the number
         of  disk blocks to leave free so that the line printer queue
         won't completely fill the disk.  The  minfree  file  can  be
         edited with your favorite text editor.

         The file lock in each spool directory  is	used  to  prevent
         multiple daemons from becoming active simultaneously, and to
         store information	about  the  daemon  process  for  lpr(1),
         lpq(1),  and lprm(1).  After the daemon has successfully set
         the lock, it scans the directory for  files  beginning  with
         cf.   Lines  in  each cf file specify files to be printed or
         non-printing actions to be performed.  Each such line begins
         with  a  key  character  to  specify  what  to  do  with the
         remainder of the line.

         J	  Job Name.  String to be used for the job  name  on  the
    	  burst page.

         C	  Classification.  String to be used for the  classifica-
    	  tion line on the burst page.

         L	  Literal.  The line contains  identification  info  from

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    LPD(8)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   LPD(8)

    	  the  password  file  and  causes  the banner page to be
    	  printed.

         T	  Title.  String to be used as the title for pr(1).

         H	  Host Name.  Name of the machine where lpr was invoked.

         P	  Person.  Login name of  the  person  who  invoked  lpr.
    	  This is used to verify ownership by lprm.

         M	  Send mail to the specified user when the current  print
    	  job completes.

         f	  Formatted File.  Name of  a  file  to  print	which  is
    	  already formatted.

         l	  Like ``f'' but passes control characters and	does  not
    	  make page breaks.

         p	  Name of a file to print using pr(1) as a filter.

         t	  Troff File.  The file  contains  troff(1)  output  (cat
    	  phototypesetter commands).

         n	  Ditroff File.  The  file  contains  device  independent
    	  troff output.

         d	  DVI File.  The file contains Tex(l) output (DVI  format
    	  from Standford).

         g	  Graph  File.	 The  file  contains  data  produced   by
    	  plot(3X).

         c	  Cifplot File. The file contains data produced  by  cif-
    	  plot.

         v	  The file contains a raster image.

         r	  The file contains text data with FORTRAN carriage  con-
    	  trol characters.

         1	  Troff Font R. Name of the font file to use  instead  of
    	  the default.

         2	  Troff Font I. Name of the font file to use  instead  of
    	  the default.

         3	  Troff Font B. Name of the font file to use  instead  of
    	  the default.

         4	  Troff Font S. Name of the font file to use  instead  of
    	  the default.

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    LPD(8)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   LPD(8)

         W	  Width. Changes the page width (in characters)  used  by
    	  pr(1) and the text filters.

         I	  Indent.  The number of characters to indent the  output
    	  by (in ascii).

         U	  Unlink.  Name of file  to  remove  upon  completion  of
    	  printing.

         N	  File name.   The  name  of  the  file  which	is  being
    	  printed, or a blank for the standard input (when lpr is
    	  invoked in a pipeline).

         If a file can not be opened, a message will  be  logged  via
         syslog(3) using the LOG_LPR facility.  Lpd will try up to 20
         times to reopen a file it expects to be there,  after  which
         it will skip the file to be printed.

         Lpd uses flock(2) to provide exclusive access  to	the  lock
         file  and	to  prevent multiple deamons from becoming active
         simultaneously.  If the daemon should be killed or die unex-
         pectedly,	the lock file need not be removed.  The lock file
         is kept in a readable ASCII form  and  contains  two  lines.
         The  first is the process id of the daemon and the second is
         the control file name of the current job being printed.  The
         second  line is updated to reflect the current status of lpd
         for the programs lpq(1) and lprm(1).

    FILES
         /etc/printcap	     printer description file
         /usr/spool/*	     spool directories
         /usr/spool/*/minfree    minimum free space to leave
         /dev/lp*		     line printer devices
         /dev/printer	     socket for local requests
         /etc/hosts.equiv	     lists machine names allowed printer access
         /etc/hosts.lpd	     lists machine names allowed printer access,
    			     but not under same administrative control.

    SEE ALSO
         lpc(8),  pac(1),	lpr(1),   lpq(1),   lprm(1),   syslog(3),
         printcap(5)
         4.2BSD Line Printer Spooler Manual

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