# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat8/route.0

    ROUTE(8)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		 ROUTE(8)

    NAME
         route - manually manipulate the routing tables

    SYNOPSIS
         /sbin/route [ -f ] [ -n ] [ command args ]

    DESCRIPTION
         Route is a program used to manually manipulate the network
         routing tables.  It normally is not needed, as the system
         routing table management daemon, routed(8), should tend to
         this task.

         Route accepts two commands: add, to add a route, and delete,
         to delete a route.

         All commands have the following syntax:

           /sbin/route command [ net | host ] destination gateway [
         metric ]

         where destination is the destination host or network, gate-
         way is the next-hop gateway to which packets should be
         addressed, and metric is a count indicating the number of
         hops to the destination.  The metric is required for add
         commands; it must be zero if the destination is on a
         directly-attached network, and nonzero if the route utilizes
         one or more gateways.  If adding a route with metric 0, the
         gateway given is the address of this host on the common net-
         work, indicating the interface to be used for transmission.
         Routes to a particular host are distinguished from those to
         a network by interpreting the Internet address associated
         with destination.	The optional keywords net and host force
         the destination to be interpreted as a network or a host,
         respectively.  Otherwise, if the destination has a ``local
         address part'' of INADDR_ANY, or if the destination is the
         symbolic name of a network, then the route is assumed to be
         to a network; otherwise, it is presumed to be a route to a
         host.  If the route is to a destination connected via a
         gateway, the metric should be greater than 0.  All symbolic
         names specified for a destination or gateway are looked up
         first as a host name using gethostbyname(3N).  If this
         lookup fails, getnetbyname(3N) is then used to interpret the
         name as that of a network.

         Route uses a raw socket and the SIOCADDRT and SIOCDELRT
         ioctl's to do its work.  As such, only the super-user may
         modify the routing tables.

         If the -f option is specified, route will ``flush'' the
         routing tables of all gateway entries.  If this is used in
         conjunction with one of the commands described above, the
         tables are flushed prior to the command's application.

    Printed 11/24/99	November 16, 1996			1

    ROUTE(8)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		 ROUTE(8)

         The -n option prevents attempts to print host and network
         names symbolically when reporting actions.

    DIAGNOSTICS
         ``add [ host | network ] %s: gateway %s flags %x''
         The specified route is being added to the tables.	The
         values printed are from the routing table entry supplied in
         the ioctl call.  If the gateway address used was not the
         primary address of the gateway (the first one returned by
         gethostbyname), the gateway address is printed numerically
         as well as symbolically.

         ``delete [ host | network ] %s: gateway %s flags %x''
         As above, but when deleting an entry.

         ``%s %s done''
         When the -f flag is specified, each routing table entry
         deleted is indicated with a message of this form.

         ``Network is unreachable''
         An attempt to add a route failed because the gateway listed
         was not on a directly-connected network.  The next-hop gate-
         way must be given.

         ``not in table''
         A delete operation was attempted for an entry which wasn't
         present in the tables.

         ``routing table overflow''
         An add operation was attempted, but the system was low on
         resources and was unable to allocate memory to create the
         new entry.

    SEE ALSO
         intro(4N), routed(8), XNSrouted(8)

    Printed 11/24/99	November 16, 1996			2

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