# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat3/stdio.0

    STDIO(3S)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		STDIO(3S)

    NAME
         stdio - standard buffered input/output package

    SYNOPSIS
         #include <stdio.h>

         FILE *stdin;
         FILE *stdout;
         FILE *stderr;

    DESCRIPTION
         The functions described in section 3S constitute a user-
         level buffering scheme.  The in-line macros getc and
         putc(3S) handle characters quickly.  The higher level rou-
         tines gets, fgets, scanf, fscanf, fread, puts, fputs,
         printf, fprintf, fwrite all use getc and putc; they can be
         freely intermixed.

         A file with associated buffering is called a stream, and is
         declared to be a pointer to a defined type FILE.  Fopen(3S)
         creates certain descriptive data for a stream and returns a
         pointer to designate the stream in all further transactions.
         There are three normally open streams with constant pointers
         declared in the include file and associated with the stan-
         dard open files:

         stdin     standard input file
         stdout    standard output file
         stderr    standard error file

         A constant `pointer' NULL (0) designates no stream at all.

         An integer constant EOF (-1) is returned upon end of file or
         error by integer functions that deal with streams.

         Any routine that uses the standard input/output package must
         include the header file <stdio.h> of pertinent macro defini-
         tions.  The functions and constants mentioned in sections
         labeled 3S are declared in the include file and need no
         further declaration.  The constants, and the following
         `functions' are implemented as macros; redeclaration of
         these names is perilous: getc, getchar, putc, putchar, feof,
         ferror, fileno.

    SEE ALSO
         open(2), close(2), read(2), write(2), fread(3S), fseek(3S),
         f*(3S)

    DIAGNOSTICS
         The value EOF is returned uniformly to indicate that a FILE
         pointer has not been initialized with fopen, input (output)
         has been attempted on an output (input) stream, or a FILE

    Printed 11/26/99	  May 13, 1986				1

    STDIO(3S)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		STDIO(3S)

         pointer designates corrupt or otherwise unintelligible FILE
         data.

         For purposes of efficiency, this implementation of the stan-
         dard library has been changed to line buffer output to a
         terminal by default and attempts to do this transparently by
         flushing the output whenever a read(2) from the standard
         input is necessary.  This is almost always transparent, but
         may cause confusion or malfunctioning of programs which use
         standard i/o routines but use read(2) themselves to read
         from the standard input.

         In cases where a large amount of computation is done after
         printing part of a line on an output terminal, it is neces-
         sary to fflush(3S) the standard output before going off and
         computing so that the output will appear.

    BUGS
         The standard buffered functions do not interact well with
         certain other library and system functions, especially vfork
         and abort.

    LIST OF FUNCTIONS
         Name	 Appears on Page    Description
         clearerr	   ferror.3s	stream status inquiries
         fclose	   fclose.3s	close or flush a stream
         fdopen	   fopen.3s	open a stream
         feof	   ferror.3s	stream status inquiries
         ferror	   ferror.3s	stream status inquiries
         fflush	   fclose.3s	close or flush a stream
         fgetc	   getc.3s	get character or word from stream
         fgets	   gets.3s	get a string from a stream
         fileno	   ferror.3s	stream status inquiries
         fopen	   fopen.3s	open a stream
         fprintf	   printf.3s	formatted output conversion
         fputc	   putc.3s	put character or word on a stream
         fputs	   puts.3s	put a string on a stream
         fread	   fread.3s	buffered binary input/output
         freopen	   fopen.3s	open a stream
         fscanf	   scanf.3s	formatted input conversion
         fseek	   fseek.3s	reposition a stream
         ftell	   fseek.3s	reposition a stream
         fwrite	   fread.3s	buffered binary input/output
         getc	   getc.3s	get character or word from stream
         getchar	   getc.3s	get character or word from stream
         gets	   gets.3s	get a string from a stream
         getw	   getc.3s	get character or word from stream
         printf	   printf.3s	formatted output conversion
         putc	   putc.3s	put character or word on a stream
         putchar	   putc.3s	put character or word on a stream
         puts	   puts.3s	put a string on a stream
         putw	   putc.3s	put character or word on a stream

    Printed 11/26/99	  May 13, 1986				2

    STDIO(3S)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		STDIO(3S)

         rewind	   fseek.3s	reposition a stream
         scanf	   scanf.3s	formatted input conversion
         setbuf	   setbuf.3s	assign buffering to a stream
         setbuffer	   setbuf.3s	assign buffering to a stream
         setlinebuf    setbuf.3s	assign buffering to a stream
         sprintf	   printf.3s	formatted output conversion
         sscanf	   scanf.3s	formatted input conversion
         ungetc	   ungetc.3s	push character back into input stream

    Printed 11/26/99	  May 13, 1986				3

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