# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat1/tar.0

    TAR(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   TAR(1)

    NAME
         tar - tape archiver

    SYNOPSIS
         tar [ key ] [ name ... ]

    DESCRIPTION
         Tar saves and restores multiple files on a single file (usu-
         ally a magnetic tape, but it can be any file). Tar's actions
         are controlled by the key argument.  The key is a string of
         characters containing at most one function letter and possi-
         bly one or more function modifiers.  Other arguments to tar
         are file or directory names specifying which files to dump
         or restore.  In all cases, appearance of a directory name
         refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories of that
         directory.

         The function portion of the key is specified by one of the
         following letters:

         r	     The named files are written on the end of the tape.
    	     The c function implies this.

         x	     The named files are extracted from the tape.  If the
    	     named file matches a directory whose contents had
    	     been written onto the tape, this directory is
    	     (recursively) extracted.  The owner, modification
    	     time, and mode are restored (if possible).  If no
    	     file argument is given, the entire content of the
    	     tape is extracted.  Note that if multiple entries
    	     specifying the same file are on the tape, the last
    	     one overwrites all earlier.

         t	     The names of the specified files are listed each
    	     time they occur on the tape.  If no file argument is
    	     given, all of the names on the tape are listed.

         u	     The named files are added to the tape if either they
    	     are not already there or have been modified since
    	     last put on the tape.

         c	     Create a new tape; writing begins on the beginning
    	     of the tape instead of after the last file.  This
    	     command implies r.

         The following characters may be used in addition to the
         letter which selects the function desired.

         o	       On output, tar normally places information speci-
    	       fying owner and modes of directories in the
    	       archive.  Former versions of tar, when encounter-
    	       ing this information will give error message of

    Printed 11/26/99	  May 12, 1986				1

    TAR(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   TAR(1)

    	       the form
    		    "<name>/: cannot create".
    	       This modifier will suppress the directory informa-
    	       tion.

         p	       This modifier says to restore files to their ori-
    	       ginal modes, ignoring the present umask(2).
    	       Setuid and sticky information will also be
    	       restored to the super-user.

         0, ..., 9 This modifier selects an alternate drive on which
    	       the tape is mounted.  The default is drive 0 at
    	       1600 bpi, which is normally /dev/rmt8.

         v	       Normally tar does its work silently.  The v (ver-
    	       bose) option makes tar print the name of each file
    	       it treats preceded by the function letter.  With
    	       the t function, the verbose option gives more
    	       information about the tape entries than just their
    	       names.

         w	       Tar prints the action to be taken followed by file
    	       name, then wait for user confirmation. If a word
    	       beginning with `y' is given, the action is done.
    	       Any other input means don't do it.

         f	       Tar uses the next argument as the name of the
    	       archive instead of /dev/rmt?. If the name of the
    	       file is `-', tar writes to standard output or
    	       reads from standard input, whichever is appropri-
    	       ate. Thus, tar can be used as the head or tail of
    	       a filter chain.	Tar can also be used to move
    	       hierarchies with the command
    		 cd fromdir; tar cf - . | (cd todir; tar xf -)

         b	       Tar uses the next argument as the blocking factor
    	       for tape records. The default is 20 (the maximum).
    	       This option should only be used with raw magnetic
    	       tape archives (See f above).  The block size is
    	       determined automatically when reading tapes (key
    	       letters `x' and `t').

         l	       tells tar to complain if it cannot resolve all of
    	       the links to the files dumped.  If this is not
    	       specified, no error messages are printed.

         m	       tells tar not to restore the modification times.
    	       The modification time will be the time of extrac-
    	       tion.

         h	       Force tar to follow symbolic links as if they were
    	       normal files or directories.  Normally, tar does

    Printed 11/26/99	  May 12, 1986				2

    TAR(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   TAR(1)

    	       not follow symbolic links.

         B	       Forces input and output blocking to 20 blocks per
    	       record.	This option was added so that tar can
    	       work across a communications channel where the
    	       blocking may not be maintained.

         C	       If a file name is preceded by -C, then tar will
    	       perform a chdir(2) to that file name.  This allows
    	       multiple directories not related by a close common
    	       parent to be archived using short relative path
    	       names.  For example, to archive files from
    	       /usr/include and from /etc, one might use
    		    tar c -C /usr include -C / etc

         Previous restrictions dealing with tar's inability to prop-
         erly handle blocked archives have been lifted.

    FILES
         /dev/rmt?
         /tmp/tar*

    SEE ALSO
         tar(5)

    DIAGNOSTICS
         Complaints about bad key characters and tape read/write
         errors.
         Complaints if enough memory is not available to hold the
         link tables.

    BUGS
         There is no way to ask for the n-th occurrence of a file.
         Tape errors are handled ungracefully.
         The u option can be slow.
         The current limit on file name length is 100 characters.
         There is no way selectively to follow symbolic links.
         When extracting tapes created with the r or u options,
         directory modification times may not be set correctly.

    Printed 11/26/99	  May 12, 1986				3

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