# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat1/sed.0

    SED(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   SED(1)

    NAME
         sed - stream editor

    SYNOPSIS
         sed [ -n ] [ -e script ] [ -f sfile ] [ file ] ...

    DESCRIPTION
         Sed copies the named files (standard input default) to the
         standard output, edited according to a script of commands.
         The -f option causes the script to be taken from file sfile;
         these options accumulate.	If there is just one -e option
         and no -f's, the flag -e may be omitted.  The -n option
         suppresses the default output.

         A script consists of editing commands, one per line, of the
         following form:

    	  [address [, address] ] function [arguments]

         In normal operation sed cyclically copies a line of input
         into a pattern space (unless there is something left after a
         `D' command), applies in sequence all commands whose
         addresses select that pattern space, and at the end of the
         script copies the pattern space to the standard output
         (except under -n) and deletes the pattern space.

         An address is either a decimal number that counts input
         lines cumulatively across files, a `$' that addresses the
         last line of input, or a context address, `/regular expres-
         sion/', in the style of ed(1) modified thus:

    	  The escape sequence `\n' matches a newline embedded in
    	  the pattern space.

         A command line with no addresses selects every pattern
         space.

         A command line with one address selects each pattern space
         that matches the address.

         A command line with two addresses selects the inclusive
         range from the first pattern space that matches the first
         address through the next pattern space that matches the
         second.  (If the second address is a number less than or
         equal to the line number first selected, only one line is
         selected.) Thereafter the process is repeated, looking again
         for the first address.

         Editing commands can be applied only to non-selected pattern
         spaces by use of the negation function `!' (below).

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    SED(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   SED(1)

         In the following list of functions the maximum number of
         permissible addresses for each function is indicated in
         parentheses.

         An argument denoted text consists of one or more lines, all
         but the last of which end with `\' to hide the newline.
         Backslashes in text are treated like backslashes in the
         replacement string of an `s' command, and may be used to
         protect initial blanks and tabs against the stripping that
         is done on every script line.

         An argument denoted rfile or wfile must terminate the com-
         mand line and must be preceded by exactly one blank.  Each
         wfile is created before processing begins.  There can be at
         most 10 distinct wfile arguments.

         (1)a\
         text
    	  Append.  Place text on the output before reading the
    	  next input line.

         (2)b label
    	  Branch to the `:' command bearing the label.	If label
    	  is empty, branch to the end of the script.

         (2)c\
         text
    	  Change.  Delete the pattern space.  With 0 or 1 address
    	  or at the end of a 2-address range, place text on the
    	  output.  Start the next cycle.

         (2)d Delete the pattern space.  Start the next cycle.

         (2)D Delete the initial segment of the pattern space through
    	  the first newline.  Start the next cycle.

         (2)g Replace the contents of the pattern space by the con-
    	  tents of the hold space.

         (2)G Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern
    	  space.

         (2)h Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents
    	  of the pattern space.

         (2)H Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold
    	  space.

         (1)i\
         text
    	  Insert.  Place text on the standard output.

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    SED(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   SED(1)

         (2)n Copy the pattern space to the standard output.  Replace
    	  the pattern space with the next line of input.

         (2)N Append the next line of input to the pattern space with
    	  an embedded newline.	(The current line number
    	  changes.)

         (2)p Print.  Copy the pattern space to the standard output.

         (2)P Copy the initial segment of the pattern space through
    	  the first newline to the standard output.

         (1)q Quit.  Branch to the end of the script.  Do not start a
    	  new cycle.

         (2)r rfile
    	  Read the contents of rfile.  Place them on the output
    	  before reading the next input line.

         (2)s/regular expression/replacement/flags
    	  Substitute the replacement string for instances of the
    	  regular expression in the pattern space.  Any character
    	  may be used instead of `/'.  For a fuller description
    	  see ed(1).  Flags is zero or more of

    	  g    Global.	Substitute for all nonoverlapping
    	       instances of the regular expression rather than
    	       just the first one.

    	  p    Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.

    	  w wfile
    	       Write.  Append the pattern space to wfile if a
    	       replacement was made.

         (2)t label
    	  Test.  Branch to the `:' command bearing the label if
    	  any substitutions have been made since the most recent
    	  reading of an input line or execution of a `t'.  If
    	  label is empty, branch to the end of the script.

         (2)w wfile
    	  Write.  Append the pattern space to wfile.

         (2)x Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.

         (2)y/string1/string2/
    	  Transform.  Replace all occurrences of characters in
    	  string1 with the corresponding character in string2.
    	  The lengths of string1 and string2 must be equal.

         (2)! function

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    SED(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   SED(1)

    	  Don't.  Apply the function (or group, if function is
    	  `{') only to lines not selected by the address(es).

         (0): label
    	  This command does nothing; it bears a label for `b' and
    	  `t' commands to branch to.

         (1)= Place the current line number on the standard output as
    	  a line.

         (2){ Execute the following commands through a matching `}'
    	  only when the pattern space is selected.

         (0)  An empty command is ignored.

    SEE ALSO
         ed(1), grep(1), awk(1), lex(1)

    Printed 11/26/99	 April 29, 1985                         4

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