# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat1/chmod.0

    CHMOD(1)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		 CHMOD(1)

    NAME
         chmod - change mode

    SYNOPSIS
         chmod [ -Rf ] mode file ...

    DESCRIPTION
         The mode of each named file is changed according to mode,
         which may be absolute or symbolic.  An absolute mode is an
         octal number constructed from the OR of the following modes:

         4000      set user ID on execution
         2000      set group ID on execution
         1000      sticky bit, see chmod(2)
         0400      read by owner
         0200      write by owner
         0100      execute (search in directory) by owner
         0070      read, write, execute (search) by group
         0007      read, write, execute (search) by others

         A symbolic mode has the form:

    	  [who] op permission [op permission] ...

         The who part is a combination of the letters u (for user's
         permissions), g (group) and o (other).  The letter a stands
         for all, or ugo.  If who is omitted, the default is a but
         the setting of the file creation mask (see umask(2)) is
         taken into account.

         Op can be + to add permission to the file's mode, - to take
         away permission and = to assign permission absolutely (all
         other bits will be reset).

         Permission is any combination of the letters r (read), w
         (write), x (execute), X (set execute only if file is a
         directory or some other execute bit is set), s (set owner or
         group id) and t (save text - sticky).  Letters u, g, or o
         indicate that permission is to be taken from the current
         mode. Omitting permission is only useful with = to take away
         all permissions.

         When the -R option is given, chmod recursively descends its
         directory arguments setting the mode for each file as
         described above.  When symbolic links are encountered, their
         mode is not changed and they are not traversed.

         If the -f option is given, chmod will not complain if it
         fails to change the mode on a file.

    EXAMPLES

    Printed 11/26/99	  May 22, 1986				1

    CHMOD(1)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		 CHMOD(1)

         The first example denies write permission to others, the
         second makes a file executable by all if it is executable by
         anyone:

    	  chmod o-w file
    	  chmod +X file

         Multiple symbolic modes separated by commas may be given.
         Operations are performed in the order specified.  The letter
         s is only useful with u or g.

         Only the owner of a file (or the super-user) may change its
         mode.

    SEE ALSO
         ls(1), chmod(2), stat(2), umask(2), chown(8)

    Printed 11/26/99	  May 22, 1986				2

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