# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat1/dc.0

    DC(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		    DC(1)

    NAME
         dc - desk calculator

    SYNOPSIS
         dc [ file ]

    DESCRIPTION
         Dc is an arbitrary precision arithmetic package.  Ordinarily
         it operates on decimal integers, but one may specify an
         input base, output base, and a number of fractional digits
         to be maintained.	The overall structure of dc is a stacking
         (reverse Polish) calculator.  If an argument is given, input
         is taken from that file until its end, then from the stan-
         dard input.  The following constructions are recognized:

         number
    	   The value of the number is pushed on the stack.  A
    	   number is an unbroken string of the digits 0-9.  It
    	   may be preceded by an underscore _ to input a negative
    	   number.  Numbers may contain decimal points.

         +	- /  *	%  ^
    	   The top two values on the stack are added (+), sub-
    	   tracted (-), multiplied (*), divided (/), remaindered
    	   (%), or exponentiated (^).  The two entries are popped
    	   off the stack; the result is pushed on the stack in
    	   their place.  Any fractional part of an exponent is
    	   ignored.

         sx    The top of the stack is popped and stored into a
    	   register named x, where x may be any character.  If
    	   the s is capitalized, x is treated as a stack and the
    	   value is pushed on it.

         lx    The value in register x is pushed on the stack.  The
    	   register x is not altered.  All registers start with
    	   zero value.	If the l is capitalized, register x is
    	   treated as a stack and its top value is popped onto
    	   the main stack.

         d	   The top value on the stack is duplicated.

         p	   The top value on the stack is printed.  The top value
    	   remains unchanged.  P interprets the top of the stack
    	   as an ascii string, removes it, and prints it.

         f	   All values on the stack and in registers are printed.

         q	   exits the program.  If executing a string, the recur-
    	   sion level is popped by two.  If q is capitalized, the
    	   top value on the stack is popped and the string execu-
    	   tion level is popped by that value.

    Printed 11/26/99	 April 29, 1985                         1

    DC(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		    DC(1)

         x	   treats the top element of the stack as a character
    	   string and executes it as a string of dc commands.

         X	   replaces the number on the top of the stack with its
    	   scale factor.

         [ ... ]
    	   puts the bracketed ascii string onto the top of the
    	   stack.

         <x  >x  =x
    	   The top two elements of the stack are popped and com-
    	   pared.  Register x is executed if they obey the stated
    	   relation.

         v	   replaces the top element on the stack by its square
    	   root.  Any existing fractional part of the argument is
    	   taken into account, but otherwise the scale factor is
    	   ignored.

         !	   interprets the rest of the line as a UNIX command.

         c	   All values on the stack are popped.

         i	   The top value on the stack is popped and used as the
    	   number radix for further input.  I pushes the input
    	   base on the top of the stack.

         o	   The top value on the stack is popped and used as the
    	   number radix for further output.

         O	   pushes the output base on the top of the stack.

         k	   the top of the stack is popped, and that value is used
    	   as a non-negative scale factor: the appropriate number
    	   of places are printed on output, and maintained during
    	   multiplication, division, and exponentiation.  The
    	   interaction of scale factor, input base, and output
    	   base will be reasonable if all are changed together.

         z	   The stack level is pushed onto the stack.

         Z	   replaces the number on the top of the stack with its
    	   length.

         ?	   A line of input is taken from the input source (usu-
    	   ally the terminal) and executed.

         ; :   are used by bc for array operations.

         An example which prints the first ten values of n! is

    Printed 11/26/99	 April 29, 1985                         2

    DC(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		    DC(1)

    	[la1+dsa*pla10>y]sy
    	0sa1
    	lyx

    SEE ALSO
         bc(1), which is a preprocessor for dc providing infix nota-
         tion and a C-like syntax which implements functions and rea-
         sonable control structures for programs.

    DIAGNOSTICS
         `x is unimplemented' where x is an octal number.
         `stack empty' for not enough elements on the stack to do
         what was asked.
         `Out of space' when the free list is exhausted (too many
         digits).
         `Out of headers' for too many numbers being kept around.
         `Out of pushdown' for too many items on the stack.
         `Nesting Depth' for too many levels of nested execution.

    Printed 11/26/99	 April 29, 1985                         3

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