# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat1/ar.0

    AR(1)               UNIX Programmer's Manual                AR(1)

    NAME
         ar - create and maintain library archives

    SYNOPSIS
         ar -d [-Tv] archive file ...
         ar -m [-Tv] archive file ...
         ar -m [-abiTv] position archive file ...
         ar -p [-Tv] archive [file ...]
         ar -q [-cTv] archive file ...
         ar -r [-cuTv] archive file ...
         ar -r [-abciuTv] position archive file ...
         ar -t [-Tv] archive [file ...]
         ar -x [-ouTv] archive [file ...]

    DESCRIPTION
         The ar utility creates and maintains groups of files com-
         bined into an archive.  Once an archive has been created,
         new files can be added and existing files can be extracted,
         deleted, or replaced.

         Files are named in the archive by a single component, i.e.,
         if a file referenced by a path containing a slash (``/'') is
         archived it will be named by the last component of that
         path.  When matching paths listed on the command line
         against file names stored in the archive, only the last com-
         ponent of the path will be compared.

         All informational and error messages use the path listed on
         the command line, if any was specified, otherwise the name
         in the archive is used.  If multiple files in the archive
         have the same name, and paths are listed on the command line
         to ``select'' archive files for an operation, only the first
         file with a matching name will be selected.

         The normal use of ar is for the creation and maintenance of
         libraries suitable for use with the loader (see ld(1))
         although it is not restricted to this purpose.  The options
         are as follows:

         -a   A positioning modifier used with the options -r and -m.
              The files are entered or moved after the archive member
              position, which must be specified.

         -b   A positioning modifier used with the options -r and -m.
              The files are entered or moved before the archive
              member position, which must be specified.

         -c   Whenever an archive is created, an informational mes-
              sage to that effect is written to standard error.  If
              the -c option is specified, ar creates the archive
              silently.

    Printed 11/24/99         March 21, 1991                         1

    AR(1)               UNIX Programmer's Manual                AR(1)

         -d   Delete the specified archive files.

         -i   Identical to the -b option.

         -m   Move the specified archive files within the archive.
              If one of the options -a, -b or -i are specified, the
              files are moved before or after the position file in
              the archive.  If none of those options are specified,
              the files are moved to the end of the archive.

         -o   Set the access and modification times of extracted
              files to the modification time of the file when it was
              entered into the archive.  This will fail if the user
              is not the owner of the extracted file or the super-
              user.

         -p   Write the contents of the specified archive files to
              the standard output.  If no files are specified, the
              contents of all the files in the archive are written in
              the order they appear in the archive.

         -q   (Quickly) append the specified files to the archive.
              If the archive does not exist a new archive file is
              created.  Much faster than the -r option, when creating
              a large archive piece-by-piece, as no checking is done
              to see if the files already exist in the archive.

         -r   Replace or add the specified files to the archive.  If
              the archive does not exist a new archive file is
              created.  Files that replace existing files do not
              change the order of the files within the archive.  New
              files are appended to the archive unless one of the
              options -a, -b or -i is specified.

         -T   Select and/or name archive members using only the first
              fifteen characters of the archive member or command
              line file name.  The historic archive format had six-
              teen bytes for the name, but some historic archiver and
              loader implementations were unable to handle names that
              used the entire space.  This means that file names that
              are not unique in their first fifteen characters can
              subsequently be confused.  A warning message is printed
              to the standard error output if any file names are
              truncated.  (See ar(5) for more information.)

         -t   List the specified files in the order in which they
              appear in the archive, each on a separate line.  If no
              files are specified, all files in the archive are
              listed.

         -u   Update files.  When used with the -r option, files in
              the archive will be replaced only if the disk file has

    Printed 11/24/99         March 21, 1991                         2

    AR(1)               UNIX Programmer's Manual                AR(1)

              a newer modification time than the file in the archive.
              When used with the -x option, files in the archive will
              be extracted only if the archive file has a newer
              modification time than the file on disk.

         -v   Provide verbose output.  When used with the -d, -m, -q
              or -x options, ar gives a file-by-file description of
              the archive modification.  This description consists of
              three, white-space separated fields: the option letter,
              a dash (``-'') and the file name.  When used with the
              -r option, ar displays the description as above, but
              the initial letter is an ``a'' if the file is added to
              the archive and an ``r'' if the file replaces a file
              already in the archive.

              When used with the -p option, the name of each printed
              file is written to the standard output before the con-
              tents of the file, preceded by a single newline charac-
              ter, and followed by two newline characters, enclosed
              in less-than (``<'') and greater-than (``>'') charac-
              ters.

              When used with the -t option, ar displays an ``ls -l''
              style listing of information about the members of the
              archive.  This listing consists of eight, white-space
              separated fields: the file permissions (see
              strmode(3)), the decimal user and group ID's, separated
              by a single slash (``/''), the file size (in bytes),
              the file modification time (in the date(1) format ``%b
              %e %H:%M %Y''), and the name of the file.

         -x   Extract the specified archive members into the files
              named by the command line arguments.  If no members are
              specified, all the members of the archive are extracted
              into the current directory.

              If the file does not exist, it is created; if it does
              exist, the owner and group will be unchanged.  The file
              access and modification times are the time of the
              extraction (but see the -o option).  The file permis-
              sions will be set to those of the file when it was
              entered into the archive; this will fail if the user is
              not the owner of the extracted file or the super-user.

         The ar utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error
         occurs.

    ENVIRONMENT
         TMPDIR
              The pathname of the directory to use when creating tem-
              porary files.

    Printed 11/24/99         March 21, 1991                         3

    AR(1)               UNIX Programmer's Manual                AR(1)

    FILES
         /tmp          default temporary file directory

         ar.XXXXXX     temporary file names

    COMPATIBILITY
         By default, ar writes archives that may be incompatible with
         historic archives, as the format used for storing archive
         members with names longer than fifteen characters has
         changed.  This implementation of ar is backward compatible
         with previous versions of ar in that it can read and write
         (using the -T option) historic archives.  The -T option is
         provided for compatibility only, and will be deleted in a
         future release.  See ar(5) for more information.

    STANDARDS
         The ar utility is expected to offer a superset of the POSIX
         1003.2 functionality.

    SEE ALSO
         ld(1), ranlib(1), strmode(3), ar(5)

    Printed 11/24/99         March 21, 1991                         4

Generated: 2016-12-26 | Generated by man2html V0.25 page hit count: 635 |