# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat1/error.0

    ERROR(1)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		 ERROR(1)

    NAME
         error - analyze and disperse compiler error messages

    SYNOPSIS
         error [ -n ] [ -s ] [ -q ] [ -v ] [ -t suffixlist ] [ -I
         ignorefile ] [ name ]

    DESCRIPTION
         Error analyzes and optionally disperses the diagnostic error
         messages produced by a number of compilers and language pro-
         cessors to the source file and line where the errors
         occurred.	It can replace the painful, traditional methods
         of scribbling abbreviations of errors on paper, and permits
         error messages and source code to be viewed simultaneously
         without machinations of multiple windows in a screen editor.

         Error looks at the error messages, either from the specified
         file name or from the standard input, and attempts to deter-
         mine which language processor produced each error message,
         determines the source file and line number to which the
         error message refers, determines if the error message is to
         be ignored or not, and inserts the (possibly slightly modi-
         fied) error message into the source file as a comment on the
         line preceding to which the line the error message refers.
         Error messages which can't be categorized by language pro-
         cessor or content are not inserted into any file, but are
         sent to the standard output.  Error touches source files
         only after all input has been read.  By specifying the -q
         query option, the user is asked to confirm any potentially
         dangerous (such as touching a file) or verbose action.  Oth-
         erwise error proceeds on its merry business.  If the -t
         touch option and associated suffix list is given, error will
         restrict itself to touch only those files with suffices in
         the suffix list.  Error also can be asked (by specifying -v)
         to invoke vi(1) on the files in which error messages were
         inserted; this obviates the need to remember the names of
         the files with errors.

         Error is intended to be run with its standard input con-
         nected via a pipe to the error message source.  Some
         language processors put error messages on their standard
         error file; others put their messages on the standard out-
         put.  Hence, both error sources should be piped together
         into error. For example, when using the csh syntax,

    	  make -s lint |& error -q -v

         will analyze all the error messages produced by whatever
         programs make runs when making lint.

         Error knows about the error messages produced by: make, cc,
         cpp, ccom, as, ld, lint, pi, pc, f77, and DEC Western

    Printed 11/26/99	October 21, 1996			1

    ERROR(1)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		 ERROR(1)

         Research Modula-2. Error knows a standard format for error
         messages produced by the language processors, so is sensi-
         tive to changes in these formats.	For all languages except
         Pascal, error messages are restricted to be on one line.
         Some error messages refer to more than one line in more than
         one files; error will duplicate the error message and insert
         it at all of the places referenced.

         Error will do one of six things with error messages.

         synchronize
    	       Some language processors produce short errors
    	       describing which file it is processing.	Error
    	       uses these to determine the file name for
    	       languages that don't include the file name in each
    	       error message.  These synchronization messages are
    	       consumed entirely by error.

         discard   Error messages from lint that refer to one of the
    	       two lint libraries, /usr/share/lint/llib-lc and
    	       /usr/share/lint/llib-port are discarded, to
    	       prevent accidently touching these libraries.
    	       Again, these error messages are consumed entirely
    	       by error.

         nullify   Error messages from lint can be nullified if they
    	       refer to a specific function, which is known to
    	       generate diagnostics which are not interesting.
    	       Nullified error messages are not inserted into the
    	       source file, but are written to the standard out-
    	       put.  The names of functions to ignore are taken
    	       from either the file named .errorrc in the users's
    	       home directory, or from the file named by the -I
    	       option.	If the file does not exist, no error mes-
    	       sages are nullified.  If the file does exist,
    	       there must be one function name per line.

         not file specific
    	       Error messages that can't be intuited are grouped
    	       together, and written to the standard output
    	       before any files are touched.  They will not be
    	       inserted into any source file.

         file specific
    	       Error message that refer to a specific file, but
    	       to no specific line, are written to the standard
    	       output when that file is touched.

         true errors
    	       Error messages that can be intuited are candidates
    	       for insertion into the file to which they refer.

    Printed 11/26/99	October 21, 1996			2

    ERROR(1)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		 ERROR(1)

         Only true error messages are candidates for inserting into
         the file they refer to.  Other error messages are consumed
         entirely by error or are written to the standard output.
         Error inserts the error messages into the source file on the
         line preceding the line the language processor found in
         error.  Each error message is turned into a one line comment
         for the language, and is internally flagged with the string
         ``###'' at the beginning of the error, and ``%%%'' at the
         end of the error.	This makes pattern searching for errors
         easier with an editor, and allows the messages to be easily
         removed.  In addition, each error message contains the
         source line number for the line the message refers to.  A
         reasonably formatted source program can be recompiled with
         the error messages still in it, without having the error
         messages themselves cause future errors.  For poorly format-
         ted source programs in free format languages, such as C or
         Pascal, it is possible to insert a comment into another com-
         ment, which can wreak havoc with a future compilation.  To
         avoid this, programs with comments and source on the same
         line should be formatted so that language statements appear
         before comments.

         Options available with error are:

         -n   Do not touch any files; all error messages are sent to
    	  the standard output.

         -q   The user is queried whether s/he wants to touch the
    	  file.  A ``y'' or ``n'' to the question is necessary to
    	  continue.  Absence of the -q option implies that all
    	  referenced files (except those referring to discarded
    	  error messages) are to be touched.

         -v   After all files have been touched, overlay the visual
    	  editor vi with it set up to edit all files touched, and
    	  positioned in the first touched file at the first
    	  error.  If vi can't be found, try ex or ed from stan-
    	  dard places.

         -t   Take the following argument as a suffix list.  Files
    	  whose suffixes do not appear in the suffix list are not
    	  touched.  The suffix list is dot separated, and ``*''
    	  wildcards work.  Thus the suffix list:

    	       ".c.y.foo*.h"

    	  allows error to touch files ending with ``.c'', ``.y'',
    	  ``.foo*'' and ``.y''.

         -s   Print out statistics regarding the error categoriza-
    	  tion.  Not too useful.

    Printed 11/26/99	October 21, 1996			3

    ERROR(1)	    UNIX Programmer's Manual		 ERROR(1)

         Error catches interrupt and terminate signals, and if in the
         insertion phase, will orderly terminate what it is doing.

    AUTHOR
         Robert Henry

    FILES
         ~/.errorrc          function names to ignore for lint error
         messages
         /dev/tty		 user's teletype

    BUGS
         Opens the teletype directly to do user querying.

         Source files with links make a new copy of the file with
         only one link to it.

         Changing a language processor's format of error messages may
         cause error to not understand the error message.

         Error, since it is purely mechanical, will not filter out
         subsequent errors caused by `floodgating' initiated by one
         syntactically trivial error.  Humans are still much better
         at discarding these related errors.

         Pascal error messages belong after the lines affected (error
         puts them before).  The alignment of the `|' marking the
         point of error is also disturbed by error.

         Error was designed for work on CRT's at reasonably high
         speed.  It is less pleasant on slow speed terminals, and has
         never been used on hardcopy terminals.

    Printed 11/26/99	October 21, 1996			4

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