# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat1/find.0

    FIND(1)             UNIX Programmer's Manual		  FIND(1)

    NAME
         find - find files

    SYNOPSIS
         find pathname-list expression
         find pattern

    DESCRIPTION
         In the first form above, find recursively descends the
         directory hierarchy for each pathname in the pathname-list
         (i.e., one or more pathnames) seeking files that match a
         boolean expression written in the primaries given below.  In
         the descriptions, the argument n is used as a decimal
         integer where +n means more than n, -n means less than n and
         n means exactly n.

         The second form rapidly searches a database for all path-
         names which match pattern.  Usually the database is recom-
         puted weekly and contains the pathnames of all files which
         are publicly accessible.  If escaped, normal shell "glob-
         bing" characters (`*', `?', `[', and ']') may be used in
         pattern, but the matching differs in that no characters
         (e.g. `/') have to be matched explicitly.	As a special
         case, a simple pattern containing no globbing characters is
         matched as though it were *pattern*; if any globbing charac-
         ter appears there are no implicit globbing characters.

         -name filename
    	       True if the filename argument matches the current
    	       file name.  Normal shell argument syntax may be
    	       used if escaped (watch out for `[', `?' and `*').

         -perm onum
    	       True if the file permission flags exactly match
    	       the octal number onum (see chmod(1)).  If onum is
    	       prefixed by a minus sign, more flag bits (017777,
    	       see stat(2)) become significant and the flags are
    	       compared: (flags&onum)==onum.

         -type c   True if the type of the file is c, where c is b,
    	       c, d, f, l or s for block special file, character
    	       special file, directory, plain file, symbolic
    	       link, or socket.

         -links n  True if the file has n links.

         -user uname
    	       True if the file belongs to the user uname (login
    	       name or numeric user ID).

         -nouser   True if the file belongs to a user not in the
    	       /etc/passwd database.

    Printed 11/26/99	October 11, 1996			1

    FIND(1)             UNIX Programmer's Manual		  FIND(1)

         -group gname
    	       True if the file belongs to group gname (group
    	       name or numeric group ID).

         -nogroup  True if the file belongs to a group not in the
    	       /etc/group database.

         -size n   True if the file is n blocks long (512 bytes per
    	       block).

         -inum n   True if the file has inode number n.

         -atime n  True if the file has been accessed in n days.

         -mtime n  True if the file has been modified in n days.

         -exec command
    	       True if the executed command returns a zero value
    	       as exit status.	The end of the command must be
    	       punctuated by an escaped semicolon.  A command
    	       argument `{}' is replaced by the current pathname.

         -ok command
    	       Like -exec except that the generated command is
    	       written on the standard output, then the standard
    	       input is read and the command executed only upon
    	       response y.

         -print    Always true; causes the current pathname to be
    	       printed.

         -ls       Always true; causes current pathname to be printed
    	       together with its associated statistics.  These
    	       include (respectively) inode number, size in kilo-
    	       bytes (1024 bytes), protection mode, number of
    	       hard links, user, group, size in bytes, and modif-
    	       ication time.  If the file is a special file the
    	       size field will instead contain the major and
    	       minor device numbers.  If the file is a symbolic
    	       link the pathname of the linked-to file is printed
    	       preceded by ``->''.  The format is identical to
    	       that of ``ls -gilds'' (note however that format-
    	       ting is done internally, without executing the ls
    	       program).

         -newer file
    	       True if the current file has been modified more
    	       recently than the argument file.

         -cpio file
    	       Write the current file on the argument file in
    	       cpio format.

    Printed 11/26/99	October 11, 1996			2

    FIND(1)             UNIX Programmer's Manual		  FIND(1)

         -xdev     Always true; causes find not to traverse down into
    	       a file system different from the one on which
    	       current argument pathname resides.

         The primaries may be combined using the following operators
         (in order of decreasing precedence):

         1)  A parenthesized group of primaries and operators
    	 (parentheses are special to the Shell and must be
    	 escaped).

         2)  The negation of a primary (`!' is the unary not opera-
    	 tor).

         3)  Concatenation of primaries (the and operation is implied
    	 by the juxtaposition of two primaries).

         4)  Alternation of primaries (`-o' is the or operator).

    EXAMPLES
         To find all accessible files whose pathname contains `find':

    	  find find

         To typeset all variants of manual pages for `ls':

    	  vtroff -man `find '*man*/ls.?'`

         To remove all files named `a.out' or `*.o' that have not
         been accessed for a week:

           find / \( -name a.out -o -name '*.o' \) -atime +7 -exec rm
           {} \;

    FILES
         /etc/passwd
         /etc/group
         /var/db/find.codes     coded pathnames database

    SEE ALSO
         sh(1), test(1), fs(5)
         Relevant paper in February, 1983 issue of ;login:.

    BUGS
         The first form's syntax is painful, and the second form's
         exact semantics is confusing and can vary from site to site.

         More than one `-newer' option does not work properly.

    Printed 11/26/99	October 11, 1996			3

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