# 2.11BSD#431 - /usr/man/cat1/ftp.0

    FTP(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   FTP(1)

    NAME
         ftp - ARPANET file transfer program

    SYNOPSIS
         ftp [ -v ] [ -d ] [ -i ] [ -n ] [ -g ] [ host ]

    DESCRIPTION
         Ftp is the user interface to the ARPANET standard File
         Transfer Protocol.  The program allows a user to transfer
         files to and from a remote network site.

         The client host with which ftp is to communicate may be
         specified on the command line.  If this is done, ftp will
         immediately attempt to establish a connection to an FTP
         server on that host; otherwise, ftp will enter its command
         interpreter and await instructions from the user.	When ftp
         is awaiting commands from the user the prompt "ftp>" is pro-
         vided to the user.  The following commands are recognized by
         ftp:

         ! [ command [ args ] ]
    	  Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine.  If
    	  there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command
    	  to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as
    	  its arguments.

         $ macro-name [ args ]
    	  Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the
    	  macdef command.  Arguments are passed to the macro
    	  unglobbed.

         account [ passwd ]
    	  Supply a supplemental password required by a remote
    	  system for access to resources once a login has been
    	  successfully completed.  If no argument is included,
    	  the user will be prompted for an account password in a
    	  non-echoing input mode.

         append local-file [ remote-file ]
    	  Append a local file to a file on the remote machine.
    	  If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name
    	  is used in naming the remote file after being altered
    	  by any ntrans or nmap setting.  File transfer uses the
    	  current settings for type, format, mode, and structure.

         ascii
    	  Set the file transfer type to network ASCII.	This is
    	  the default type.

         bell Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer
    	  command is completed.

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         binary
    	  Set the file transfer type to support binary image
    	  transfer.

         bye  Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and
    	  exit ftp.  An end of file will also terminate the ses-
    	  sion and exit.

         case Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during
    	  mget commands.  When case is on (default is off),
    	  remote computer file names with all letters in upper
    	  case are written in the local directory with the
    	  letters mapped to lower case.

         cd remote-directory
    	  Change the working directory on the remote machine to
    	  remote-directory.

         cdup Change the remote machine working directory to the
    	  parent of the current remote machine working directory.

         chmod mode file-name
    	  Change the permission modes the file file-name on the
    	  remote sytem to mode.

         close
    	  Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and
    	  return to the command interpreter.  Any defined macros
    	  are erased.

         cr   Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file
    	  retrieval.  Records are denoted by a carriage
    	  return/linefeed sequence during ascii type file
    	  transfer.  When cr is on (the default), carriage
    	  returns are stripped from this sequence to conform with
    	  the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter.  Records on
    	  non-UNIX remote systems may contain single linefeeds;
    	  when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds
    	  may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when
    	  cr is off.

         delete remote-file
    	  Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine.

         debug [ debug-value ]
    	  Toggle debugging mode.  If an optional debug-value is
    	  specified it is used to set the debugging level.  When
    	  debugging is on, ftp prints each command sent to the
    	  remote machine, preceded by the string "-->".

         dir [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ]
    	  Print a listing of the directory contents in the

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    	  directory, remote-directory, and, optionally, placing
    	  the output in local-file.  If interactive prompting is
    	  on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last
    	  argument is indeed the target local file for receiving
    	  dir output.  If no directory is specified, the current
    	  working directory on the remote machine is used.  If no
    	  local file is specified, or local-file is -, output
    	  comes to the terminal.

         disconnect
    	  A synonym for close.

         form format
    	  Set the file transfer form to format.  The default for-
    	  mat is "file".

         get remote-file [ local-file ]
    	  Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local
    	  machine.  If the local file name is not specified, it
    	  is given the same name it has on the remote machine,
    	  subject to alteration by the current case, ntrans, and
    	  nmap settings.  The current settings for type, form,
    	  mode, and structure are used while transferring the
    	  file.

         glob Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget and mput.
    	  If globbing is turned off with glob, the file name
    	  arguments are taken literally and not expanded.  Glob-
    	  bing for mput is done as in csh(1).  For mdelete and
    	  mget, each remote file name is expanded separately on
    	  the remote machine and the lists are not merged.
    	  Expansion of a directory name is likely to be different
    	  from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the
    	  exact result depends on the foreign operating system
    	  and ftp server, and can be previewed by doing
    	  `mls remote-files -'.  Note:	mget and mput are not
    	  meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files.
    	  That can be done by transferring a tar(1) archive of
    	  the subtree (in binary mode).

         hash Toggle hash-sign (``#'') printing for each data block
    	  transferred.	The size of a data block is 1024 bytes.

         help [ command ]
    	  Print an informative message about the meaning of com-
    	  mand.  If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of
    	  the known commands.

         idle [ seconds ]
    	  Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to
    	  seconds seconds.  If seconds is ommitted, the current
    	  inactivity timer is printed.

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         lcd [ directory ]
    	  Change the working directory on the local machine.  If
    	  no directory is specified, the user's home directory is
    	  used.

         ls [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ]
    	  Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the
    	  remote machine.  The listing includes any system-
    	  dependent information that the server chooses to
    	  include; for example, most UNIX systems will produce
    	  output from the command "ls -l".  (See also nlist.) If
    	  remote-directory is left unspecified, the current work-
    	  ing directory is used.  If interactive prompting is on,
    	  ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argu-
    	  ment is indeed the target local file for receiving ls
    	  output.  If no local file is specified, or if local-
    	  file is -, the output is sent to the terminal.

         macdef macro-name
    	  Define a macro.  Subsequent lines are stored as the
    	  macro macro-name; a null line (consecutive newline
    	  characters in a file or carriage returns from the ter-
    	  minal) terminates macro input mode.  There is a limit
    	  of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all defined
    	  macros.  Macros remain defined until a close command is
    	  executed.  The macro processor interprets '$' and '\'
    	  as special characters.  A '$' followed by a number (or
    	  numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on
    	  the macro invocation command line.  A '$' followed by
    	  an 'i' signals that macro processor that the executing
    	  macro is to be looped. On the first pass '$i' is
    	  replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation
    	  command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the
    	  second argument, and so on.  A '\' followed by any
    	  character is replaced by that character.  Use the '\'
    	  to prevent special treatment of the '$'.

         mdelete [ remote-files ]
    	  Delete the remote-files on the remote machine.

         mdir remote-files local-file
    	  Like dir, except multiple remote files may be speci-
    	  fied.  If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt
    	  the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the
    	  target local file for receiving mdir output.

         mget remote-files
    	  Expand the remote-files on the remote machine and do a
    	  get for each file name thus produced.  See glob for
    	  details on the filename expansion.  Resulting file
    	  names will then be processed according to case, ntrans,
    	  and nmap settings.  Files are transferred into the

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    	  local working directory, which can be changed with
    	  `lcd directory'; new local directories can be created
    	  with `! mkdir directory'.

         mkdir directory-name
    	  Make a directory on the remote machine.

         mls remote-files local-file
    	  Like nlist, except multiple remote files may be speci-
    	  fied, and the local-file must be specified.  If
    	  interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user
    	  to verify that the last argument is indeed the target
    	  local file for receiving mls output.

         mode [ mode-name ]
    	  Set the file transfer mode to mode-name.  The default
    	  mode is "stream" mode.

         modtime file-name
    	  Show the last modification time of the file on the
    	  remote machine.

         mput local-files
    	  Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as
    	  arguments and do a put for each file in the resulting
    	  list.  See glob for details of filename expansion.
    	  Resulting file names will then be processed according
    	  to ntrans and nmap settings.

         newer file-name
    	  Get the file only if the modification time of the
    	  remote file is more recent that the file on the current
    	  system. If the file does not exist on the current sys-
    	  tem, the remote file is considered newer.  Otherwise,
    	  this command is identical to get.

         nlist [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ]
    	  Print a  list of the files of a directory on the remote
    	  machine.  If remote-directory is left unspecified, the
    	  current working directory is used.  If interactive
    	  prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify
    	  that the last argument is indeed the target local file
    	  for receiving nlist output.  If no local file is speci-
    	  fied, or if local-file is -, the output is sent to the
    	  terminal.

         nmap [ inpattern outpattern ]
    	  Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism.	If no
    	  arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism
    	  is unset.  If arguments are specified, remote filenames
    	  are mapped during mput commands and put commands issued
    	  without a specified remote target filename.  If

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    	  arguments are specified, local filenames are mapped
    	  during mget commands and get commands issued without a
    	  specified local target filename.  This command is use-
    	  ful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with
    	  different file naming conventions or practices.  The
    	  mapping follows the pattern set by inpattern and out-
    	  pattern.  Inpattern is a template for incoming
    	  filenames (which may have already been processed
    	  according to the ntrans and case settings).  Variable
    	  templating is accomplished by including the sequences
    	  '$1', '$2', ..., '$9' in inpattern.  Use '\' to prevent
    	  this special treatment of the '$' character.	All other
    	  characters are treated literally, and are used to
    	  determine the nmap inpattern variable values.  For
    	  example, given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name
    	  "mydata.data", $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2
    	  would have the value "data".	The outpattern determines
    	  the resulting mapped filename.  The sequences '$1',
    	  '$2', ...., '$9' are replaced by any value resulting
    	  from the inpattern template.	The sequence '$0' is
    	  replace by the original filename.  Additionally, the
    	  sequence '[seq1,seq2]' is replaced by seq1 if seq1 is
    	  not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by seq2.
    	  For example, the command "nmap $1.$2.$3
    	  [$1,$2].[$2,file]" would yield the output filename
    	  "myfile.data" for input filenames "myfile.data" and
    	  "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for the input filename
    	  "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the input filename
    	  ".myfile".  Spaces may be included in outpattern, as in
    	  the example: nmap $1 |sed "s/  *$//" > $1 .  Use the
    	  '\' character to prevent special treatment of the '$',
    	  '[', ']', and ',' characters.

         ntrans [ inchars [ outchars ] ]
    	  Set or unset the filename character translation mechan-
    	  ism.	If no arguments are specified, the filename char-
    	  acter translation mechanism is unset.  If arguments are
    	  specified, characters in remote filenames are
    	  translated during mput commands and put commands issued
    	  without a specified remote target filename.  If argu-
    	  ments are specified, characters in local filenames are
    	  translated during mget commands and get commands issued
    	  without a specified local target filename.  This com-
    	  mand is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote
    	  computer with different file naming conventions or
    	  practices.  Characters in a filename matching a charac-
    	  ter in inchars are replaced with the corresponding
    	  character in outchars.  If the character's position in
    	  inchars is longer than the length of outchars, the
    	  character is deleted from the file name.

         open host [ port ]

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    	  Establish a connection to the specified host FTP
    	  server.  An optional port number may be supplied, in
    	  which case, ftp will attempt to contact an FTP server
    	  at that port.  If the auto-login option is on
    	  (default), ftp will also attempt to automatically log
    	  the user in to the FTP server (see below).

         prompt
    	  Toggle interactive prompting.  Interactive prompting
    	  occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user
    	  to selectively retrieve or store files.  If prompting
    	  is turned off (default is on), any mget or mput will
    	  transfer all files, and any mdelete will delete all
    	  files.

         proxy ftp-command
    	  Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connec-
    	  tion.  This command allows simultaneous connection to
    	  two remote ftp servers for transferring files between
    	  the two servers.  The first proxy command should be an
    	  open, to establish the secondary control connection.
    	  Enter the command "proxy ?" to see other ftp commands
    	  executable on the secondary connection.  The following
    	  commands behave differently when prefaced by proxy:
    	  open will not define new macros during the auto-login
    	  process, close will not erase existing macro defini-
    	  tions, get and mget transfer files from the host on the
    	  primary control connection to the host on the secondary
    	  control connection, and put, mput, and append transfer
    	  files from the host on the secondary control connection
    	  to the host on the primary control connection.  Third
    	  party file transfers depend upon support of the ftp
    	  protocol PASV command by the server on the secondary
    	  control connection.

         put local-file [ remote-file ]
    	  Store a local file on the remote machine.  If remote-
    	  file is left unspecified, the local file name is used
    	  after processing according to any ntrans or nmap set-
    	  tings in naming the remote file.  File transfer uses
    	  the current settings for type, format, mode, and struc-
    	  ture.

         pwd  Print the name of the current working directory on the
    	  remote machine.

         quit A synonym for bye.

         quote arg1 arg2 ...
    	  The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the
    	  remote FTP server.

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         recv remote-file [ local-file ]
    	  A synonym for get.

         reget remote-file [ local-file ]
    	  Reget acts like get, except that if local-file exists
    	  and is smaller than remote-file, local-file is presumed
    	  to be a partially transferred copy of remote-file and
    	  the transfer is continued from the apparent point of
    	  failure. This command is useful when transferring very
    	  large files over networks that are prone to dropping
    	  connections.

         remotehelp [ command-name ]
    	  Request help from the remote FTP server.  If a
    	  command-name is specified it is supplied to the server
    	  as well.

         remotestatus [ file-name ]
    	  With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If
    	  file-name is specified, show status of file-name on
    	  remote machine.

         rename [ from ] [ to ]
    	  Rename the file from on the remote machine, to the file
    	  to.

         reset
    	  Clear reply queue.  This command re-synchronizes
    	  command/reply sequencing with the remote ftp server.
    	  Resynchronization may be necessary following a viola-
    	  tion of the ftp protocol by the remote server.

         restart marker
    	  Restart the immediately following get or put at the
    	  indicated marker. On UNIX systems, marker is usually a
    	  byte offset into the file.

         rmdir directory-name
    	  Delete a directory on the remote machine.

         runique
    	  Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique
    	  filenames.  If a file already exists with a name equal
    	  to the target local filename for a get or mget command,
    	  a ".1" is appended to the name.  If the resulting name
    	  matches another existing file, a ".2" is appended to
    	  the original name.  If this process continues up to
    	  ".99", an error message is printed, and the transfer
    	  does not take place.	The generated unique filename
    	  will be reported.  Note that runique will not affect
    	  local files generated from a shell command (see below).
    	  The default value is off.

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         send local-file [ remote-file ]
    	  A synonym for put.

         sendport
    	  Toggle the use of PORT commands.  By default, ftp will
    	  attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a con-
    	  nection for each data transfer.  The use of PORT com-
    	  mands can prevent delays when performing multiple file
    	  transfers. If the PORT command fails, ftp will use the
    	  default data port.  When the use of PORT commands is
    	  disabled, no attempt will be made to use PORT commands
    	  for each data transfer.  This is useful for certain FTP
    	  implementations which do ignore PORT commands but,
    	  incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted.

         site arg1 arg2 ...
    	  The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the
    	  remote FTP server as a SITE command.

         size file-name
    	  Return size of file-name on remote machine.

         status
    	  Show the current status of ftp.

         struct [ struct-name ]
    	  Set the file transfer structure to struct-name.  By
    	  default "stream" structure is used.

         sunique
    	  Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique
    	  file names.  Remote ftp server must support ftp proto-
    	  col STOU command for successful completion.  The remote
    	  server will report unique name.  Default value is off.

         system
    	  Show the type of operating system running on the remote
    	  machine.

         tenex
    	  Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to
    	  TENEX machines.

         trace
    	  Toggle packet tracing.

         type [ type-name ]
    	  Set the file transfer type to type-name.  If no type is
    	  specified, the current type is printed.  The default
    	  type is network ASCII.

         umask [ newmask ]

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    	  Set the default umask on the remote server to newmask.
    	  If newmask is ommitted, the current umask is printed.

         user user-name [ password ] [ account ]
    	  Identify yourself to the remote FTP server.  If the
    	  password is not specified and the server requires it,
    	  ftp will prompt the user for it (after disabling local
    	  echo).  If an account field is not specified, and the
    	  FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for
    	  it.  If an account field is specified, an account com-
    	  mand will be relayed to the remote server after the
    	  login sequence is completed if the remote server did
    	  not require it for logging in.  Unless ftp is invoked
    	  with "auto-login" disabled, this process is done
    	  automatically on initial connection to the FTP server.

         verbose
    	  Toggle verbose mode.	In verbose mode, all responses
    	  from the FTP server are displayed to the user.  In
    	  addition, if verbose is on, when a file transfer com-
    	  pletes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the
    	  transfer are reported.  By default, verbose is on.

         ? [ command ]
    	  A synonym for help.

         Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted
         with quote (") marks.

    ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER
         To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key
         (usually Ctrl-C).	Sending transfers will be immediately
         halted.  Receiving transfers will be halted by sending a ftp
         protocol ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding
         any further data received.  The speed at which this is
         accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for
         ABOR processing.  If the remote server does not support the
         ABOR command, an "ftp>" prompt will not appear until the
         remote server has completed sending the requested file.

         The terminal interrupt key sequence will be ignored when ftp
         has completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply
         from the remote server.  A long delay in this mode may
         result from the ABOR processing described above, or from
         unexpected behavior by the remote server, including viola-
         tions of the ftp protocol.  If the delay results from unex-
         pected remote server behavior, the local ftp program must be
         killed by hand.

    FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS
         Files specified as arguments to ftp commands are processed
         according to the following rules.

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         1)   If the file name "-" is specified, the stdin (for read-
    	  ing) or stdout (for writing) is used.

         2)   If the first character of the file name is "|", the
    	  remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell
    	  command.  Ftp then forks a shell, using popen(3) with
    	  the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the
    	  stdout (stdin).  If the shell command includes spaces,
    	  the argument must be quoted; e.g. ""| ls -lt"".  A par-
    	  ticularly useful example of this mechanism is: "dir
    	  |more".

         3)   Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled,
    	  local file names are expanded according to the rules
    	  used in the csh(1); c.f. the glob command. If the ftp
    	  command expects a single local file ( .e.g.  put), only
    	  the first filename generated by the "globbing" opera-
    	  tion is used.

         4)   For mget commands and get commands with unspecified
    	  local file names, the local filename is the remote
    	  filename, which may be altered by a case, ntrans, or
    	  nmap setting.  The resulting filename may then be
    	  altered if runique is on.

         5)   For mput commands and put commands with unspecified
    	  remote file names, the remote filename is the local
    	  filename, which may be altered by a ntrans or nmap set-
    	  ting.  The resulting filename may then be altered by
    	  the remote server if sunique is on.

    FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS
         The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may
         affect a file transfer.  The type may be one of "ascii",
         "image" (binary), "ebcdic", and "local byte size" (for PDP-
         10's and PDP-20's mostly).  Ftp supports the ascii and image
         types of file transfer, plus local byte size 8 for tenex
         mode transfers.

         Ftp supports only the default values for the remaining file
         transfer parameters: mode, form, and struct.

    OPTIONS
         Options may be specified at the command line, or to the com-
         mand interpreter.

         The -v (verbose on) option forces ftp to show all responses
         from the remote server, as well as report on data transfer
         statistics.

         The -n option restrains ftp from attempting "auto-login"
         upon initial connection.  If auto-login is enabled, ftp will

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         check the .netrc (see below) file in the user's home direc-
         tory for an entry describing an account on the remote
         machine.  If no entry exists, ftp will prompt for the remote
         machine login name (default is the user identity on the
         local machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a password and
         an account with which to login.

         The -i option turns off interactive prompting during multi-
         ple file transfers.

         The -d option enables debugging.

         The -g option disables file name globbing.

    THE .netrc FILE
         The .netrc file contains login and initialization informa-
         tion used by the auto-login process.  It resides in the
         user's home directory.  The following tokens are recognized;
         they may be separated by spaces, tabs, or new-lines:

         machine name
    	  Identify a remote machine name.  The auto-login process
    	  searches the .netrc file for a machine token that
    	  matches the remote machine specified on the ftp command
    	  line or as an open command argument.	Once a match is
    	  made, the subsequent .netrc tokens are processed, stop-
    	  ping when the end of file is reached or another machine
    	  or a default token is encountered.

         default
    	  This is the same as machine name except that default
    	  matches any name.  There can be only one default token,
    	  and it must be after all machine tokens.  This is nor-
    	  mally used as:
    		default login anonymous password user@site
    	  thereby giving the user automatic anonymous ftp login
    	  to machines not specified in .netrc. This can be over-
    	  ridden by using the -n flag to disable auto-login.

         login name
    	  Identify a user on the remote machine.  If this token
    	  is present, the auto-login process will initiate a
    	  login using the specified name.

         password string
    	  Supply a password.  If this token is present, the
    	  auto-login process will supply the specified string if
    	  the remote server requires a password as part of the
    	  login process.  Note that if this token is present in
    	  the .netrc file for any user other than anonymous, ftp
    	  will abort the auto-login process if the .netrc is
    	  readable by anyone besides the user.

    Printed 11/24/99	 March 14, 1989                        12

    FTP(1)		    UNIX Programmer's Manual		   FTP(1)

         account string
    	  Supply an additional account password.  If this token
    	  is present, the auto-login process will supply the
    	  specified string if the remote server requires an addi-
    	  tional account password, or the auto-login process will
    	  initiate an ACCT command if it does not.

         macdef name
    	  Define a macro.  This token functions like the ftp mac-
    	  def command functions.  A macro is defined with the
    	  specified name; its contents begin with the next .netrc
    	  line and continue until a null line (consecutive new-
    	  line characters) is encountered.  If a macro named init
    	  is defined, it is automatically executed as the last
    	  step in the auto-login process.

    SEE ALSO
         ftpd(8)

    BUGS
         Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper
         behavior by the remote server.

         An error in the treatment of carriage returns in the 4.2BSD
         UNIX ascii-mode transfer code has been corrected.	This
         correction may result in incorrect transfers of binary files
         to and from 4.2BSD servers using the ascii type.  Avoid this
         problem by using the binary image type.

    Printed 11/24/99	 March 14, 1989                        13

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