# stake --- take characters from a string APL-style integer function stake (from, to, chars) character from (ARB), to (ARB) integer chars integer len integer length, ctoc, scopy len = length (from) if (chars < 0) { len += chars if (len < 0) len = 0 return (scopy (from, len + 1, to, 1)) } else return (ctoc (from, to, chars + 1)) end